Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of recognized gemstones, yet it has quickly gained prominence as a December birthstone and a symbol of elegance and individuality. Officially adopted by the American Gem Trade Association as a December birthstone, this captivating gem is also associated with the zodiac sign Ophiuchus, adding another layer to its mystique. Its unique pleochroism – displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle – and its relatively recent discovery contribute to its allure. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
Tanzanite’s story is remarkably recent compared to many other birthstones. The gem remained undiscovered until 1962, when a Masai cattle herder in northern Tanzania stumbled upon a striking blue-violet stone sparkling in the sun after a brushfire. The fire, by chance, had heated some surfaced zoisite crystals to the temperature required to reveal their vibrant color. This serendipitous discovery brought the gem to the attention of Tiffany & Co., who recognized its potential and named it “tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin.
The gem’s association with Ophiuchus, a constellation often referred to as the “serpent-bearer,” is a more modern connection. While traditional Western astrology recognizes twelve zodiac signs, some astrological traditions acknowledge Ophiuchus as a thirteenth sign. This association further enhances tanzanite’s unique position within the world of gemstones and astrological symbolism.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. Before heating, zoisite crystals typically appear as brownish pebbles. The striking blue and violet hues are achieved through heat treatment, applied to cut and polished stones at temperatures between 752-932 degrees Fahrenheit (400-500 degrees Celsius). This heat treatment is crucial for revealing the gem’s characteristic color.
Crucially, tanzanite is found in only one known location worldwide: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gem is formed through complex geological processes involving metamorphic activity and the presence of vanadium, which is responsible for its blue coloration.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a unique set of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability. While a direct comparison to sapphire is made in available sources, noting sapphire’s greater hardness (9 on the Mohs scale), specific details regarding tanzanite’s hardness are not provided. However, its pleochroism is a defining characteristic, meaning the gem exhibits different colors when viewed from different angles. This phenomenon results from its anisotropic crystal structure and varying absorption of light.
The sources do not provide a comprehensive list of tanzanite’s gemological properties, such as refractive index or specific gravity. However, they highlight its color as a key factor in its appeal, ranging from blue and violet shades. The rarity of the gem and the fact that mine owners and jewelers have historically underpriced it per carat contribute to its perceived value and elegance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, tanzanite is imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. A popular belief suggests that the intense heat required to bring forth tanzanite’s full color also symbolizes the ability to unlock one’s full potential and connect with one’s inner self. This association positions tanzanite as a stone of transformation and self-discovery.
Furthermore, tanzanite is believed to open the throat chakra, facilitating communication and enhancing public speaking abilities. It is also considered a heart healer, promoting emotional well-being and compassion. These metaphysical properties, while not scientifically verified, contribute to the gem’s appeal for those seeking spiritual or emotional support.
Care and Cleaning
While specific care instructions are limited in the provided sources, the gem’s properties suggest certain precautions. Given the lack of information regarding its hardness, it is reasonable to assume tanzanite requires careful handling to avoid scratches or damage. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these could potentially affect the gem’s color or clarity.
Additional Gemstone Lore
Beyond tanzanite, the provided sources briefly touch upon other gemstones, offering glimpses into their unique properties and symbolism. Axinite, a brownish gemstone, possesses pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties, meaning it can generate electricity when exposed to temperature changes or mechanical force. Brazilianite, discovered in Brazil in 1944, is believed to facilitate self-perception and the release of unnecessary burdens. Apatite Cat’s Eye is noted for opening the throat chakra and aiding communication. These brief mentions highlight the diverse world of gemstones and their varied attributes.
Ophiuchus and Associated Symbolism
The association of tanzanite with the Ophiuchus zodiac sign adds another dimension to its symbolism. Vedic astrology, or Jyotisha, provides detailed insights into personality traits based on celestial positions at birth. For those born under Ophiuchus, numerological analysis suggests characteristics such as sensitivity, spirituality, harmony, and a strong moral compass. The name Ophiuchus itself is linked to qualities of inspiration, positivity, and leadership. The provided sources offer a glimpse into how the name and associated zodiac sign can be interpreted through numerology, highlighting the influence of letters and numbers on personality traits.
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Conclusion
Tanzanite, a captivating December birthstone and a gem associated with the Ophiuchus zodiac sign, represents a unique blend of beauty, rarity, and symbolism. Its recent discovery, limited geographical source, and striking pleochroism contribute to its allure. While the available sources provide a foundational understanding of this gemstone, further research would be beneficial to fully explore its gemological properties and historical context. Nevertheless, tanzanite stands as a testament to the wonders of the natural world and the enduring fascination with gemstones.