August is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but three gemstones associated with those born within it: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot and sardonyx have a long-established history as August birthstones, spinel is a more recent addition, officially gaining recognition in 2016. This offers a diverse and exciting range of choices for individuals seeking a gemstone with personal significance. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of each of these captivating August birthstones.
A Historical Perspective
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific birth months dates back to medieval times, with roots in ancient beliefs and potentially biblical references. The practice evolved over centuries, with different regions and cultures developing their own sets of birthstones. Consequently, multiple “ancient,” “traditional,” and “modern” lists emerged. Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Peridot followed as a traditional choice, while spinel is the newest addition to the August birthstone family, gaining prominence in the 20th and 21st centuries. During the Renaissance, sardonyx was believed to bestow eloquence upon public speakers and aid in attracting a spouse, even promising a happily married life to those who wore it.
Sardonyx: The Ancient Stone
Sardonyx is a captivating gemstone formed from a combination of two varieties of chalcedony: sard, which contributes reddish-brown hues, and onyx, providing contrasting layers of white or black. The name itself reflects this composition, derived from the combination of “sard” and “onyx.” The gemstone is characterized by its banded appearance, featuring alternating layers of brownish-red to dark orange sard and white or black onyx.
Historically, India has been the primary producer of sardonyx, particularly stones exhibiting a strong contrast between the colored layers. However, sardonyx is also sourced from Brazil, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States.
Peridot: The Gem of the Sun
Peridot, often referred to as the “evening emerald” or the “gem of the Sun,” is a vibrant green gemstone with a fascinating origin. It is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and occasionally brought to the surface by volcanic activity. This unique formation process has earned it the nickname “Pele’s Tears,” referencing the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered within certain types of meteorites, adding an extraterrestrial allure to this already captivating gem.
The color of peridot varies depending on its iron content, ranging from yellowish-green to apple green, olive, and dark green. Throughout history, peridot has often been mistaken for other green gems, such as topaz and emerald. The Red Sea island of Topazios, historically believed to be the source of topaz, actually yielded significant quantities of peridot. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have consisted largely of peridot.
Spinel: The Newly Recognized Gem
Spinel is the most recent addition to the August birthstone family, officially recognized in 2016. For centuries, red spinel was often mistaken for ruby, a gem with which it shares a similar appearance. However, spinel possesses its own unique characteristics and a captivating range of colors, including intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. It is a traditional gift for 22nd wedding anniversaries.
The name “spinel” originates from the Latin word “spina,” meaning “thorn,” a reference to the gemstone’s crystal shape. Spinel is sourced from various locations worldwide, including Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing spinel in arresting colors like hot pink and red. Sri Lanka is known for its blue, pink, and purple spinel, found in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels. Northern Vietnam’s Luc Yen region yields spinel in deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue hues. In 2007, pinkish and orangy-red spinel was discovered in Tanzania.
Gemological Properties
While each of these gemstones possesses unique characteristics, understanding their basic gemological properties provides a deeper appreciation for their beauty and value.
| Property | Peridot | Spinel | Sardonyx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine | Spinel | Chalcedony |
| Color | Yellowish-Green to Dark Green | Red, Pink, Blue, Purple, etc. | Brownish-Red & White/Black Bands |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous | Waxy |
The Mohs scale of hardness indicates a gemstone’s resistance to scratching. Spinel, with a hardness of 8, is the most durable of the three, followed by peridot and sardonyx, both ranging from 6.5 to 7. This means that spinel is less susceptible to everyday wear and tear. Peridot and sardonyx require more careful handling to avoid scratches.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these August birthstones carries its own symbolism and associated metaphysical beliefs. While specific interpretations vary across cultures, common themes emerge. Peridot is often associated with strength, protection, and good fortune. Sardonyx is believed to promote eloquence, attract love, and ensure a happy marriage. Spinel is thought to revitalize the body, alleviate stress, and inspire creativity. Those born in August, described as strong-willed, practical, and natural leaders, may find resonance with the unique qualities of each stone.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintain the beauty and brilliance of these August birthstones. Due to its lower hardness, peridot is susceptible to scratching and should be stored separately from harder gemstones. Cleaning peridot involves using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals. Spinel, being more durable, can withstand more rigorous cleaning methods, but it is still advisable to use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Sardonyx, with its banded structure, should be handled with care and cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap.
Conclusion
The three August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the extraterrestrial allure of peridot and the recently recognized beauty of spinel, each gemstone holds a unique place in the world of gemology. Whether seeking a traditional birthstone, a modern alternative, or a gemstone with specific metaphysical properties, those born in August have a wealth of stunning options to choose from, each reflecting the strength, practicality, and leadership qualities often associated with this vibrant month.