The month of August is uniquely adorned with three official birthstones—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx. However, Peridot stands out as the most widely recognized and celebrated of these gems. Known for its vibrant green hue, Peridot has captivated civilizations for millennia, from the ancient Egyptians to modern jewelry designers. This article delves into the rich history, geological properties, cultural significance, and practical care of Peridot, offering a comprehensive look at the gemstone that symbolizes growth, prosperity, and positive energy for those born in August.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history is as luminous as its color. The gemstone has been treasured since antiquity, with the ancient Egyptians being among the first to recognize its beauty and power. They referred to it as the "gem of the sun" and believed it brought health, confidence, and protection against nightmares. The Egyptians sourced Peridot from the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, a place known for its rich deposits of the gem. This island remained a significant source of Peridot until the early 20th century.
During the Middle Ages, Peridot was highly valued in Europe. It was often used to embellish church altars and clerical robes, symbolizing divine light and spiritual purity. The stone’s popularity endured into the Victorian era, where it was frequently incorporated into jewelry. Peridot was a favored gem for its warm, sunny color and its association with positive energy.
The gemstone also played an unexpected role in some historical misidentifications. For instance, the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral was adorned with 200 carats of what were believed to be emeralds—until it was discovered that they were, in fact, Peridots. Similarly, some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famous emerald collection may have actually been composed of Peridot. These cases highlight how Peridot’s striking green color often led to confusion with other precious stones.
Peridot is also associated with the zodiac. It is considered a zodiac birthstone for Virgo (August 23 – September 23). Those born under this sign are often described as practical, organized, and strong-willed—traits that may be enhanced by the gem’s symbolic meaning of growth and prosperity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine. Its formation is a fascinating geological process that occurs under extreme conditions. Peridot is typically formed in the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It can also be found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones with extraterrestrial origins.
The color of Peridot is directly related to the amount of iron in its crystal structure. The more iron it contains, the more intense its green hue. This unique chemical composition means that Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color, distinguishing it from other stones that can exhibit a range of hues.
Historically, the primary source of Peridot was the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea. This island, known to the ancient Egyptians as Topazios, was the main supplier of Peridot for centuries. Today, Peridot is also mined in other locations, including the United States, Australia, Brazil, and China. In the U.S., Arizona is a notable source, particularly around the San Carlos Apache Reservation, where large deposits of Peridot have been found.
Peridot is relatively abundant compared to many other gemstones, which contributes to its affordability. However, the finest quality Peridot—characterized by a vivid green color and high clarity—is still considered rare and highly valued.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a gemstone that is both beautiful and durable, making it an excellent choice for jewelry. Its gemological properties are well-documented and include the following:
- Chemical Composition: (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ (olivine group)
- Crystal System: Orthorhombic
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 6.5 to 7
- Refractive Index: 1.65 to 1.70
- Specific Gravity: 3.30 to 4.35
- Color: Yellow-green to greenish-yellow
- Clarity: Typically transparent to translucent
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
- Cleavage: Perfect in two directions
- Luminescence: Weak to moderate phosphorescence
Peridot is relatively hard, which makes it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. However, its perfect cleavage means it can be prone to chipping if struck at the right angle. Therefore, it is important to avoid subjecting Peridot jewelry to heavy impacts or pressure.
Peridot is also known for its high refractive index, which gives it a brilliant, glassy luster. The way it interacts with light is one of the reasons it is so visually appealing. Its color, which is due to the presence of iron, can vary from a pale yellow-green to a deep, vibrant green. The most valuable Peridot tends to be the color known as "peridots," which are a rich olive-green with a slight yellow undertone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, Peridot has been associated with a variety of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to bring health, confidence, and protection against nightmares. The stone was also thought to enhance positivity and happiness, making it a favorite among those seeking emotional balance.
In medieval Europe, Peridot was used in clerical vestments and church decorations, symbolizing the light of God and the sun. It was also believed to have the power to purify and protect. In some traditions, Peridot was worn during the night to ward off negative dreams and to bring peaceful sleep.
Modern metaphysical beliefs about Peridot continue to emphasize its positive energy. It is often associated with personal growth, prosperity, and emotional healing. Those who wear Peridot are said to experience a greater sense of optimism and clarity. It is also believed to help in the release of negative emotions and to foster inner peace.
Peridot is sometimes referred to as the "stone of compassion" because of its ability to promote empathy and understanding. It is said to encourage open communication and to help resolve conflicts. For these reasons, Peridot is often recommended for those who are going through emotional or spiritual challenges.
Care and Cleaning
Because of its relatively high hardness and vitreous luster, Peridot is a durable gemstone that can be worn daily. However, its perfect cleavage means that it requires careful handling to avoid damage. When cleaning Peridot jewelry, it is best to use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for Peridot, but steam cleaners should be avoided, as the intense heat can cause the stone to crack.
To maintain the brilliance of Peridot, it is important to store it separately from other gemstones, especially those with sharp edges, to prevent scratches. Peridot should also be kept away from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. When not in use, it is best to store Peridot in a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box to protect it from dust and physical impact.
When wearing Peridot jewelry, it is important to avoid activities that may subject the gemstone to heavy impact or pressure. For example, wearing Peridot rings during strenuous activities or while sleeping should be avoided. By following these simple care tips, Peridot jewelry can retain its beauty and luster for many years.
Conclusion
Peridot, the official birthstone for August, is a gemstone with a rich history, fascinating geological properties, and deep symbolic meaning. From its ancient use in Egypt to its modern appreciation in jewelry design, Peridot continues to be a cherished gemstone. Its vibrant green color, unique chemical composition, and association with positivity and growth make it a meaningful choice for those born in August.
Whether used in a simple pendant or an elaborate piece of fine jewelry, Peridot’s beauty and significance are undeniable. Its affordability, combined with its rarity in its finest form, makes it a valuable and accessible gemstone for collectors and jewelry lovers alike. As the "gem of the sun," Peridot continues to shine as a symbol of hope, prosperity, and positive energy.