August is a unique and storied month in the world of birthstones. Unlike other months that are represented by a single gemstone, August is celebrated with not one, but three distinct birthstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. Each of these stones carries a rich history, a unique geological origin, and a set of symbolic meanings that reflect the diversity and depth of gemology. Whether you were born in August or you're simply drawn to these captivating gemstones, this article delves into the properties, origins, and cultural significance of August’s triad of birthstones, offering a comprehensive look at what makes them special.
The inclusion of multiple birthstones for August reflects both historical tradition and the evolving understanding of gemology. Sardonyx has long held a place in August’s lineup, with a history stretching back thousands of years. In the 20th century, peridot was added, and more recently, spinel joined the list in 2016, providing greater variety and appreciation for a stone often mistaken for ruby. This article will explore each of these stones in depth, covering their origins, physical properties, cultural meanings, and practical care tips.
History and Lore
Sardonyx: The Timeless August Birthstone
Sardonyx is one of the oldest gemstones associated with August, with a history that dates back over 4,000 years. The name sardonyx comes from the Greek words sard and onyx, both of which are types of chalcedony. Sardonyx is distinguished by its characteristic banding, with layers of reddish-brown sard alternating with white or pale onyx. This gemstone was highly valued in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, often used to craft seals, amulets, and decorative objects.
In ancient times, sardonyx was believed to possess protective qualities. It was worn as a talisman to ward off negative energy, nightmares, and even envy. The Romans associated sardonyx with Saturn and believed it brought wisdom and strength to those who wore it. During the Renaissance, it was used in intaglio carvings and signet rings, often bearing the wearer’s initials or family crest.
Sardonyx’s historical significance is not limited to the Western world. In India, it was used in traditional jewelry and considered a stone of good fortune. The gemstone's continued presence in August’s birthstone lineup is a testament to its enduring appeal and symbolic depth.
Peridot: The “Gem of the Sun”
Peridot, the green gemstone of August, has a history that is as vibrant as its color. Known as the “gem of the sun,” peridot has been prized for centuries for its radiant, warm green tones that range from yellow-green to olive. The name peridot may derive from the Arabic word faridat, meaning “gem,” which speaks to its value and beauty.
The use of peridot can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The Egyptians mined peridot on the Red Sea island of Zabargad, which means “olivine” in Arabic. They believed that the gemstone was a gift from the sun and used it to ward off nightmares and evil spirits. According to legend, Cleopatra’s famous emerald collection may have actually been made up of peridots, which were often mistaken for emeralds due to their similar green hue.
Peridot also has a fascinating geological origin. It is found in volcanic rock and is sometimes brought to the surface through hardened lava. In some cases, peridot has even been discovered in meteorites, earning it the nickname “evening emeralds” for its tendency to appear greener under artificial light. This connection to fire and the cosmos adds to its allure and makes it a unique and meaningful choice for August.
Spinel: The Rediscovered Ruby Lookalike
Spinel is the most recent addition to August’s birthstone lineup, officially recognized in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby due to its similar red color and brilliance. Some of the world’s most famous “rubies” are actually spinels, including the “Black Prince’s Ruby” in the British Crown Jewels.
Spinel comes in a wide range of colors, from deep red to vivid pink, orange, and even blue and purple. The red and pink varieties are particularly striking and were highly sought after by royalty and collectors in the past. The name spinel comes from the Latin word spina, meaning “thorn,” a reference to the sharp, pointed crystals in which it typically forms.
While spinel was once overlooked, its recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone has grown in recent years. Its addition to August’s birthstone list not only increases the options available to those born in this month but also highlights the importance of proper gem identification in the field of gemology.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot: A Gem from Earth and Space
Peridot is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, a magnesium-iron silicate. Its green color is caused by the presence of iron within the crystal structure. The intensity of the green shade varies depending on the iron content: the more iron, the deeper the green. Peridot can range from a pale yellow-green to a rich olive green, with the most desirable stones being those with a pure, vivid green hue.
Peridot is typically found in volcanic rocks, such as basalt and peridotite, and is often brought to the surface by magma. It is also found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones with a cosmic origin. The finest peridots are mined on the Red Sea island of Zabargad, where the gemstone has been extracted for thousands of years. Other notable sources include Arizona, Brazil, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
Sardonyx: A Banded Chalcedony
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. It is composed of layers of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) and onyx (a white or pale chalcedony). The alternating bands give sardonyx its distinctive appearance and make it a popular choice for carved seals, rings, and pendants.
Sardonyx is primarily found in regions with a long history of gemstone mining, including India, Brazil, and the United States. It is also mined in Mexico, China, and parts of Europe. Due to its hardness and durability, sardonyx is well-suited for everyday wear, though it is best suited for pieces that do not require excessive polishing or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Spinel: A Diverse and Radiant Gem
Spinel is a mineral composed of magnesium aluminum silicate, and it occurs in a wide range of colors. The red and pink varieties are the most common and were historically confused with ruby and pink sapphire. Spinel is found in metamorphic and igneous rocks and is often associated with deposits of other gemstones such as ruby and sapphire.
Major sources of spinel include Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Tanzania. The most valuable spinel stones are typically deep red or intense pink and are highly prized for their clarity and brilliance. Spinel is relatively hard, with a rating of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry.
Gemological Properties
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Chemical Composition | Origin | Symbolism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellow-green to olive green | 6.5–7 | Magnesium-iron silicate (Mg₁.₈Fe₀.₂SiO₄) | Zabargad, Arizona, Brazil, Myanmar | Strength, protection, good fortune |
| Sardonyx | Red and white bands | 6.5–7 | Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz) | India, Brazil, Mexico | Protection, wisdom, strength |
| Spinel | Red, pink, orange, blue, purple | 7.5–8 | Magnesium aluminum silicate (MgAl₂O₄) | Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania | Passion, vitality, clarity |
Peridot
Peridot is known for its brilliant green color, which is caused by the presence of iron. It is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This makes it suitable for jewelry, but it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. Peridot has a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.70 and is singly refractive, meaning it does not exhibit double refraction like some other gemstones.
Peridot can be found in a range of sizes, from small, faceted stones to large, cabochon-cut pieces. It is often cut into shapes such as emerald cuts, rounds, and pears to showcase its color and clarity. The most valuable peridots are those with a pure green color and minimal inclusions.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable for everyday wear. It is typically opaque and is best suited for carved designs and intaglios. Sardonyx is not as commonly faceted as other gemstones and is often cut into cabochons or shaped into beads and pendants.
The gemstone’s layered appearance makes it ideal for intricate carvings and cameos. Sardonyx is also used in signet rings, where the contrast between the red and white bands creates a striking effect when carved into the stone. Its durability and resistance to wear make it a practical choice for rings and other jewelry that is worn regularly.
Spinel
Spinel is one of the hardest gemstones in August’s lineup, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it highly durable and suitable for all types of jewelry, including rings and bracelets. Spinel is typically transparent to translucent and is known for its excellent clarity and brilliance.
The red and pink varieties of spinel are the most valuable and are often cut into round brilliant or emerald cuts to enhance their fire and sparkle. Spinel is also available in other colors, including orange, blue, and even black, which are less common but equally beautiful.
Spinel has a refractive index of 1.718 to 1.834 and is singly refractive, meaning it does not have the double refraction seen in some other gemstones like zircon or tourmaline. This gives it a clean, bright appearance that is highly desirable in fine jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot: A Stone of Light and Strength
Peridot has long been associated with light, strength, and protection. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off nightmares and negative energies. The Egyptians used peridot as a protective talisman, and it was thought to have the power to drive away snakes and other harmful creatures. In some cultures, peridot was also used to promote healing and to bring good fortune.
Peridot is also associated with the sun and is believed to bring warmth, vitality, and positive energy to those who wear it. It is considered a stone of transformation and is often used in meditation and healing practices to help release old patterns and embrace new beginnings. In modern times, peridot is often chosen for its vibrant green color and its positive symbolism, making it a popular choice for those born in August.
Sardonyx: A Stone of Protection and Clarity
Sardonyx has been associated with protection, strength, and clarity for thousands of years. In ancient times, it was used as a protective amulet to guard against negative energy and to promote mental clarity. The Romans believed that sardonyx brought wisdom and strength and that it was particularly beneficial for those in positions of power or authority.
Sardonyx is also associated with emotional stability and is believed to help those who struggle with anxiety or indecision. It is often used in meditation and healing practices to promote a sense of calm and balance. In modern times, sardonyx is valued for its beauty and durability, making it a practical and meaningful choice for jewelry and decorative objects.
Spinel: A Stone of Passion and Clarity
Spinel is associated with passion, vitality, and clarity. The red and pink varieties are often used in love and romance-themed jewelry, symbolizing deep emotion and enduring love. Spinel is also believed to bring clarity and focus to those who wear it, helping to dispel confusion and promote clear thinking.
In addition to its emotional and mental benefits, spinel is also associated with physical health and vitality. It is believed to support the circulatory system and to help restore energy and strength to the body. Spinel is also used in healing practices to promote emotional balance and to help release negative emotions.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot
Peridot is relatively soft, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, so it requires careful handling and cleaning. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Peridot is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to high temperatures for extended periods.
When storing peridot jewelry, keep it separate from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. Avoid wearing peridot jewelry during activities that involve contact with hard surfaces or abrasive materials. With proper care, peridot can retain its beauty and luster for many years.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is more durable than peridot, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can dull the surface of the stone. Sardonyx is also sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to high temperatures for extended periods.
When storing sardonyx jewelry, keep it in a cool, dry place and separate from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. Sardonyx is an excellent choice for everyday wear but should be handled with care to maintain its appearance and durability.
Spinel
Spinel is one of the hardest gemstones in August’s lineup, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. It is highly durable and can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Spinel can also be cleaned with a mild ultrasonic cleaner, but it should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
Spinel is resistant to heat and can be exposed to normal body heat without damage. However, it should not be exposed to extreme temperatures for extended periods. When storing spinel jewelry, keep it in a cool, dry place and separate it from other gemstones to prevent scratches. With proper care, spinel can retain its brilliance and color for many years.
Conclusion
August’s triad of birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—offers a rich and diverse selection of gemstones, each with its own unique history, properties, and symbolism. Peridot, with its vibrant green color and solar associations, has been cherished for centuries for its beauty and protective qualities. Sardonyx, with its striking banding and ancient roots, is a symbol of strength and clarity. Spinel, with its brilliant colors and ruby-like appearance, adds a modern and versatile option to the August birthstone lineup.
Whether you choose peridot for its sunny radiance, sardonyx for its timeless elegance, or spinel for its fiery brilliance, each of these gemstones carries a legacy that spans cultures and centuries. Understanding their properties, origins, and meanings can deepen your appreciation for these stones and help you make an informed choice when selecting August birthstone jewelry.