December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, celebrated with not one, but three distinct and captivating gemstones: Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon. Each stone possesses its own rich history, symbolism, and aesthetic qualities, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. These gems have been treasured for millennia, representing protection, spiritual awakening, and prosperity, and continue to hold significance in modern jewelry and metaphysical practices. This article will delve into the individual characteristics of each December birthstone, exploring their origins, properties, and the meanings attributed to them throughout history and in contemporary belief.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones spans vast periods and diverse cultures. Turquoise boasts the longest and most storied past of the three, with evidence of its use dating back thousands of years. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Persians, and Native American tribes, highly valued turquoise for its beauty and perceived protective qualities. The ancient Egyptians adorned themselves and their burial artifacts with turquoise, as evidenced by its presence in the mask of King Tut. Native American cultures, particularly those of the southwestern United States, incorporated turquoise into elaborate carvings and jewelry, recognizing its ceremonial and mystical importance. The French term “pierre tourques,” meaning “Turkish stone,” reflects the historical trade routes through which turquoise initially reached Europe.
Tanzanite, in contrast, has a relatively recent history. Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, it quickly gained popularity due to its striking color and rarity. Named after its country of origin, Tanzania, tanzanite’s limited source contributes to its value and mystique. While lacking the ancient lore of turquoise, tanzanite has rapidly become associated with transformation and spiritual connection.
Zircon’s history is also extensive, though its identity has sometimes been confused with other gemstones. Historically, it was believed to bring good luck, better sleep, and protection during medieval times. The Greek myth of Hyacinth is linked to zircon, symbolizing rebirth. Throughout history, different colors of zircon have been attributed with specific meanings, with white zircon representing purity and yellow zircon being known as the “Stone of Prosperity.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, typically forming in arid regions through a secondary enrichment process. It is found in association with copper deposits, often occurring in veins and pockets within sedimentary rocks. Significant sources of turquoise include the southwestern United States, Iran, and China.
Tanzanite, a calcium aluminum silicate, is exclusively found in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Its formation requires a specific geological environment involving intense heat and pressure, making it an exceptionally rare gemstone. The limited geographical source of tanzanite contributes significantly to its value.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral, forming in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. It can be found in a variety of colors, including blue, colorless, yellow, and red. Major sources of zircon include Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and value.
Turquoise: Typically ranges in color from sky blue to greenish-blue, though it can also be found in shades of green and even black. Its color is influenced by the presence of copper and iron. Turquoise generally exhibits a waxy luster and is relatively opaque.
Tanzanite: Known for its intense blue-violet color, tanzanite is a trichroic gemstone, meaning it displays three different colors depending on the viewing angle. Its pleochroism contributes to its captivating appearance. Tanzanite exhibits a vitreous luster and is typically transparent to translucent.
Zircon: Occurs in a wide range of colors, including blue, colorless, yellow, and red. Blue zircon is the most common variety used in jewelry. Zircon exhibits a strong adamantine luster and can be transparent to translucent.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each December birthstone has been imbued with specific symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Turquoise is widely regarded as a protective stone, believed to ward off negative energy and promote good fortune. It is associated with friendship, health, and peace. Tibetan Buddhists incorporate turquoise into malas (meditation beads), representing spirituality and good luck. Crystal healers recommend turquoise for treating inflammation and promoting friendship.
Tanzanite is often linked to transformation, communication, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to enhance intuition, foster compassion, and facilitate wise communication, particularly in resolving relationship disputes. It is sometimes referred to as the “Stone of Transformation” and “Stone of Magic.”
Zircon symbolizes success, wisdom, and positivity. Historically, it was believed to grant good luck and better sleep. White zircon is associated with purity, while yellow zircon is known as the “Stone of Prosperity.”
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of December birthstones.
Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh chemicals. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh cleaning agents.
Tanzanite requires gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as they can damage the stone.
Zircon is relatively durable but can be chipped or scratched with improper handling. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners can be used with caution.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon – represent a captivating trio of gemstones, each with a unique history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. From the ancient protective qualities of turquoise to the modern spiritual significance of tanzanite and the historical prosperity associated with zircon, these stones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in December. Their enduring beauty and rich lore continue to make them treasured gemstones for jewelry and metaphysical practices alike. These gems are not merely beautiful adornments, but tangible connections to history, culture, and the enduring power of the natural world.