August, the eighth month of the year, is uniquely distinguished in the world of birthstones by offering not one, but three gemstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. These stones have been cherished for centuries for their beauty, historical significance, and symbolic meanings. From ancient civilizations to modern jewelry design, these gemstones represent a rich tapestry of cultural and geological importance.
This article explores the history, properties, symbolism, and practical care of each of August’s birthstones, based on the most reliable and authoritative data available in the provided sources. The information is curated to provide a comprehensive understanding of these gems, their roles in jewelry, and their enduring appeal across cultures and time.
Introduction
August is associated with the peak of summer—heat, energy, and vitality. The birthstones of August reflect these themes, each possessing a distinct character and charm. Peridot, the most widely recognized of the three, is a vibrant green gemstone formed deep within the Earth and even in meteorites. Sardonyx, an ancient stone with banded patterns, has been used for millennia in cameos and symbolic jewelry. Spinel, once mistaken for ruby, has recently gained new appreciation for its brilliance and rarity.
Together, these three gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those born in August and for those who appreciate the unique qualities each stone brings. Whether it is the mystical allure of peridot, the classical elegance of sardonyx, or the fiery brilliance of spinel, August’s birthstones provide a rich and varied selection for jewelry lovers and collectors alike.
History and Lore
Peridot: The Gem of the Sun
Peridot has a long and storied history, with roots in ancient civilizations. The earliest known references to peridot date back to the ancient Egyptians, who believed the gemstone was formed from the tears of the sun god Ra. They used peridot as a healing amulet and a symbol of fertility and prosperity. The gemstone was particularly associated with the Red Sea island of Topazios, now known as Zabargad, which is one of the traditional sources of peridot. This island was also thought to be the origin of the word “topaz,” although the gem found there was actually peridot.
Peridot was also used in medieval Europe, where it was believed to have protective properties and to ward off evil spirits. It was often worn as a charm to bring good fortune and to ensure a safe journey. In more recent times, peridot has been featured in significant historical pieces, such as the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral, where it was mistakenly believed to be emerald.
One of the most fascinating aspects of peridot is that it has been found in volcanic lava flows and even in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones that can be traced back to outer space. This cosmic origin adds to its mystique and rarity.
Sardonyx: The Ancient Cameo Stone
Sardonyx is a banded onyx with alternating layers of reddish-brown and white or black. It has been used for decorative and symbolic purposes since at least 4,000 years ago. The most famous example of sardonyx in art is the Great Cameo of France, a monumental carved gemstone depicting Roman Emperor Claudius and his family. This piece, which dates back to the 1st century AD, is a testament to the enduring appeal of sardonyx in cameo art and relief sculpture.
Sardonyx was also valued for its protective and spiritual properties. In ancient times, it was believed to promote courage, strength, and self-control. It was often used in amulets and talismans, especially by warriors and leaders. Sardonyx was thought to ward off danger and misfortune, making it a popular choice for personal protection and mental clarity.
Spinel: The Rediscovered Gem
Spinel, once mistaken for ruby and other red gemstones, has a rich but somewhat overlooked history. It was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that spinel was correctly identified as a distinct mineral species. The most famous example of spinel being mistaken for another gem is the "Black Prince's Ruby", which is actually a large red spinel set in the crown of the United Kingdom.
Spinel was used by European royalty in the 13th century and later became a popular substitute for ruby in jewelry. Its brilliance and hardness make it an excellent choice for engagement rings and other fine jewelry, especially for those who prefer vibrant reds or pinks without the high price of ruby or sapphire.
Spinel was officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016, expanding the options available to those born in August and reflecting the evolving preferences of the jewelry industry.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot: From the Earth’s Mantle to the Surface
Peridot is a silicate mineral that forms deep within the Earth’s mantle, where it is created under high temperature and pressure. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, often embedded in basaltic lava flows. Peridot is also found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones with an extraterrestrial origin.
The gemstone is primarily found in volcanic regions such as Hawaii, Arizona, and Egypt. The island of Zabargad in the Red Sea remains one of the most significant sources of high-quality peridot. The color of peridot is determined by the iron content within the stone, ranging from yellowish green to olive green. The most valuable peridots are those with a rich green color and high clarity.
Sardonyx: A Banded Chalcedony with Ancient Roots
Sardonyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, a form of microcrystalline quartz. It forms in sedimentary and volcanic rock deposits and is composed of silica-rich minerals. The reddish-brown bands are due to the presence of iron oxides, while the white or black bands are the result of quartz and other minerals.
Sardonyx is found in various parts of the world, including India, Brazil, Nigeria, and Italy. It is particularly known for its use in cameo carvings, where the contrasting bands allow for intricate relief designs. The Great Cameo of France, mentioned earlier, is a prime example of sardonyx’s artistic potential.
Spinel: A Durable and Diverse Mineral
Spinel is a durable mineral that forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks, often in gemstone-rich environments such as limestone and marble deposits. It is found in several parts of the world, including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Madagascar, and Vietnam. Spinel can occur in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, violet, blue, and even colorless, due to variations in trace elements like chromium, iron, and magnesium.
Red spinel, in particular, has been mistaken for ruby for centuries, leading to many historical pieces being reclassified as spinel rather than ruby. The hardness of spinel (8 on the Mohs scale) makes it suitable for daily wear in jewelry, especially in rings and bracelets.
Gemological Properties
| Gemstone | Color Range | Hardness (Mohs) | Composition | Origin | Clarity | Cut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellowish green to olive green | 6.5–7 | Olivine (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | Hawaii, Egypt, Arizona | Often has inclusions | Emerald, cushion, round |
| Sardonyx | Reddish-brown with white or black bands | 6.5–7 | Chalcedony (SiO₂) | India, Brazil, Nigeria | Translucent to opaque | Cameo, cabochon |
| Spinel | Red, pink, violet, blue, colorless | 8 | Spinel (MgAl₂O₄) | Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Madagascar | Typically clear | Round, oval, emerald |
Peridot
Peridot is a silicate mineral that belongs to the olivine family. It is known for its single-color formation, which is rare among gemstones. The green color is due to the presence of iron, and the intensity of the color varies with the iron content. Peridot has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable but susceptible to scratches.
Peridot is typically cut into emerald, cushion, or round shapes to highlight its brilliance and color. It is also commonly used in vintage and antique jewelry due to its vibrant color and historical significance.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, a form of microcrystalline quartz. It is composed of silica (SiO₂) and is known for its contrasting bands of red and white or black. The red bands are due to the presence of iron oxides, while the white or black bands are due to quartz and other minerals.
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for cameo carvings and cabochons. It is often used in antique jewelry and decorative objects, especially in cameo rings and brooches.
Spinel
Spinel is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it ideal for daily wear. It is composed of magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl₂O₄) and can occur in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, violet, and blue. The red spinel is particularly valued for its brilliance and fire, which are similar to those of ruby.
Spinel is typically cut into round, oval, or emerald shapes to enhance its sparkle and color. It is often used in engagement rings and other fine jewelry, especially for those who prefer a less expensive but equally beautiful alternative to ruby or sapphire.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot: A Stone of Abundance and Protection
Peridot is widely regarded as a stone of abundance, protection, and positivity. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune to the wearer. It was also used as a healing amulet, particularly for digestive issues and emotional healing.
Peridot is also associated with clarity and mental focus, making it a popular stone for students and professionals. It is believed to help reduce stress and anxiety, promote inner peace, and encourage positive thinking.
Sardonyx: A Stone of Courage and Strength
Sardonyx is known for its protective and empowering properties. It is often used as a stone of courage and strength, especially in times of challenges and uncertainty. It is believed to help boost confidence, improve self-control, and enhance mental clarity.
Sardonyx is also associated with stability and balance, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional and spiritual grounding. It is often used in amulets and talismans to promote protection and safe travel.
Spinel: A Stone of Passion and Vitality
Spinel is associated with passion, vitality, and emotional warmth. It is believed to enhance energy, stimulate creativity, and promote emotional healing. Red spinel, in particular, is associated with love and romance, making it a popular choice for engagement rings and love spells.
Spinel is also believed to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness, making it a powerful stone for spiritual growth and exploration. It is often used in meditation and healing practices to promote inner peace and emotional balance.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of August’s birthstones. Here are some specific care instructions for each gemstone:
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5–7, which means it is relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones to avoid abrasion.
Cleaning peridot can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5–7, making it suitable for daily wear. It is relatively tough and can withstand normal wear and tear.
Cleaning sardonyx can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It should be avoided from exposure to harsh chemicals, as this can damage the surface and dull the luster.
Spinel
Spinel has a hardness of 8, making it one of the most durable of the August birthstones. It is suitable for daily wear and is less likely to scratch or chip.
Cleaning spinel can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It can also be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners, although it is not necessary. Spinel should be avoided from exposure to harsh chemicals and stored in a soft cloth or jewelry box to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—each offer a unique blend of beauty, history, and symbolism. Whether you are drawn to the vibrant green of peridot, the banded elegance of sardonyx, or the fiery brilliance of spinel, these gemstones provide a rich and diverse selection for jewelry lovers and collectors.
From their ancient origins to their modern-day popularity, these gemstones continue to capture the imagination and symbolize the qualities of strength, protection, and vitality. Whether used in fine jewelry, cameos, or spiritual practices, August’s birthstones remain a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones.