August’s Trio: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx – A History in Gemstones

August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each gem carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and geological origins, offering those born in August a diverse selection of beautiful and meaningful stones. While sardonyx historically held the sole designation for August, peridot was later added due to color similarities, and spinel joined the ranks in 2016, reflecting a modern expansion of birthstone choices. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three captivating gemstones.

A Historical Lineage

The story of August birthstones is one of evolving tradition. Sardonyx holds the longest claim, referenced in historical texts for over 4,000 years and appearing in ancient artifacts like the high priest’s breastplate. Early associations with topaz were, in many cases, misidentifications of peridot, as the ancient name “topaz” was often applied to the green gem found on the Red Sea island of Topazios – now known as Zabargad. Some scholars believe Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot.

Peridot’s official designation as an August birthstone came with the standardization of birthstones in 1912. Spinel, however, is the newest addition, officially recognized in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association. This addition acknowledged spinel’s growing popularity and unique beauty, particularly its vibrant red and blue varieties, and provided a more contemporary option for August birthdays.

Geological Origins and Sources

Each of these August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes. Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, is often found in unusual locations – within hardened lava flows carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites originating from outer space. Sources include ancient lava fields in Arizona and Hawaiʻi.

Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of sard and onyx, creating bands of red and white. Its origins are less specifically detailed in the provided sources.

Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. Historically mistaken for ruby due to its similar appearance, spinel is now appreciated for its own unique qualities. The sources do not specify particular mining locations for spinel.

Gemological Properties

Peridot is characterized by its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, though shades of brown also occur. It is the gem variety of olivine. Throughout history, it has often been confused with emerald and topaz.

Sardonyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, composed of layers of sard (red) and onyx (white). The sources do not provide detailed gemological properties for sardonyx beyond its composition.

Spinel, while often resembling ruby, possesses distinct gemological properties. It is available in a wide range of colors, including red, blue, and colorless. The sources do not provide specific details regarding its hardness, refractive index, or chemical formula.

The following table summarizes the available information:

Gemstone	Composition	Color Range	Historical Confusion
Peridot	Olivine	Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, brown	Topaz, Emerald
Sardonyx	Chalcedony (Sard & Onyx)	Red and White Banded	N/A
Spinel	N/A	Red, Blue, Colorless	Ruby

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Each of these August birthstones carries symbolic weight and has been attributed with various metaphysical properties throughout history. Peridot has traditionally symbolized strength and was believed to ward off nightmares, evil, and enchantments. Ancient Hawaiians associated peridot with the tears of the goddess Pele, brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is also considered a stone of good fortune, attracting wealth and promoting harmony. Its connection to light is believed to inspire clear thinking and instill peace.

Sardonyx, as one of the oldest August birthstones, has a long history of symbolic meaning, though the sources provide limited detail.

Spinel is believed to symbolize passion, longevity, and devotion. It is often referred to as “the most underappreciated gemstone” and is thought to surpass even diamonds as the “gemstone of love.” Some believe spinel boosts energy, stamina, memory, and cognitive abilities, enhancing intuition and facilitating communication with higher powers.

Modern Usage and Appreciation

While sardonyx and peridot have long histories as birthstones, spinel’s recent addition reflects a growing appreciation for its beauty and rarity. Peridot remains a popular choice for August birthdays, particularly due to its vibrant green color and connection to volcanic landscapes. Spinel offers a sophisticated and unique alternative, especially in its vivid red and cobalt blue varieties.

The addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones in 2016 was an unprecedented change, demonstrating a willingness to update traditions and acknowledge the diverse range of beautiful gemstones available.

Care and Cleaning

The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, based on general gemological knowledge, peridot, with a Mohs hardness of around 6.5-7, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Sardonyx, also a chalcedony, is relatively durable but should be protected from harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Spinel, with a hardness of around 8, is more durable and can withstand more rigorous cleaning methods.

Conclusion

The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From ancient origins and mistaken identities to modern appreciation and evolving traditions, these gems offer a rich tapestry of meaning for those born in the eighth month of the year. Whether drawn to the vibrant green of peridot, the banded beauty of sardonyx, or the passionate hues of spinel, August birthdays are truly blessed with a trio of captivating gemstones.