Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone recognized as one of the birthstones for December, alongside turquoise. Celebrated for its striking blue-violet coloration and relatively recent discovery, tanzanite holds a unique position in the world of gemstones. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of this remarkable stone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient roots, tracing back to the breastplate of Aaron in the Book of Exodus, adorned with twelve gemstones corresponding to the tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones became linked to months and zodiac signs, believed to bestow unique powers upon the wearer. While the practice of wearing birthstones gained prominence in 16th-century Poland, it was revived by Tiffany & Co. in the 1870s, and standardized by the American National Retail Jewelers Association in 1912.
Tanzanite’s story, however, is far more recent. This gemstone was first discovered in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. It was subsequently introduced to the market by Tiffany & Co. in 1968, who aptly named it “tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin. This makes tanzanite a uniquely modern birthstone, lacking the centuries of lore associated with older gems like ruby or sapphire. Despite its recent introduction, tanzanite quickly gained popularity due to its exceptional beauty and rarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a transparent variety of the mineral zoisite. Its distinctive blue or violet hue is achieved through heat treatment. Crucially, tanzanite is found in only one location on Earth: the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania. This singular source contributes significantly to its value and rarity. The gemstone’s formation is linked to complex geological processes within this specific region.
The limited geographical origin of tanzanite is a key factor in its market value. As of recent reports, the only source remains the Merelani Hills, making it a geographically concentrated gemstone. In March 2024, a significant discovery was made by artist and jeweler Naomi Sarna, who carved a 703.4-carat tanzanite sculpture named “L’Heure Bleu,” or “blue hour” in French, further highlighting the potential for exceptional specimens from this region.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a captivating play of color, reflecting different hues depending on the light source. It typically displays violetish-blue to bluish-violet shades. The depth of color saturation is a primary determinant of its value, with more saturated colors commanding higher prices. Smaller tanzanites tend to be less saturated in color, while larger stones exceeding five carats often exhibit the most desirable hues.
The quality of the cut also significantly impacts a tanzanite’s value, as it influences how effectively the stone reflects color. Tanzanites displaying more blue than violet are considered particularly covetable and expensive. While specific details regarding its chemical composition, refractive index, or hardness are not provided in the available sources, the emphasis is placed on its pleochroism – the ability to display different colors from different angles – and the importance of color saturation and cut quality.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not detail extensive historical symbolism, tanzanite is believed to bring balance and harmony to those who wear it. It is associated with positivity and calmness, and is thought to remove negativity from the mind, fostering a positive environment. The association with December, a time often linked to introspection and renewal, further reinforces these symbolic qualities.
Market Value and Rarity
Tanzanite is considered one of the more expensive birthstones. As of current valuations, high-quality tanzanite can cost up to $1,500 per carat. Its rarity, stemming from its single source location, is a major contributor to its value.
Compared to other birthstones, tanzanite ranks among the more valuable. A price chart indicates that tanzanite falls within the $1,000 - $1,500 per carat range, placing it alongside other relatively expensive gems like aquamarine. The three rarest birthstones overall are diamond, ruby, and emerald, but tanzanite is also considered a rare gem due to its limited origin.
A comparative price chart of birthstones, based on price per carat, places tanzanite at a higher value than stones like topaz, tourmaline, amethyst, and citrine, but below diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, and alexandrite.
December Birthstone Options
December is unique in having multiple birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, zircon, topaz, and lapis lazuli. This provides a diverse range of options for those seeking a gemstone with distinct beauty and significance. The availability of multiple choices allows individuals to select a stone that resonates with their personal preferences and style.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific guidance on the care and cleaning of tanzanite. However, given its relative softness compared to diamonds and rubies, it is reasonable to assume that tanzanite requires careful handling to avoid scratches or damage. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is generally recommended for most gemstones.
Conclusion
Tanzanite stands as a remarkable and relatively recent addition to the world of birthstones. Its captivating blue-violet hues, singular origin in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, and association with balance and harmony make it a highly sought-after gemstone. While lacking the centuries of lore associated with older birthstones, tanzanite has quickly established itself as a symbol of beauty, rarity, and modern elegance. Its increasing popularity and limited supply suggest that tanzanite will continue to be a treasured gemstone for years to come.