August, a month steeped in history and marked by the peak of summer, boasts a fascinating array of birthstones. While traditionally associated with peridot and sardonyx, spinel has recently joined their ranks, offering those born in August a diverse selection of gems each with unique qualities and a rich heritage. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of these three captivating August birthstones.
History and Lore
The story of August’s birthstones is one of evolving traditions. Sardonyx holds the longest claim to fame, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years as an original August birthstone. Peridot, often mistaken for emerald or topaz in ancient times, also enjoys a long and storied past. Spinel, however, is a more recent addition, officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association. This update to the birthstone list reflects a growing appreciation for this often-overlooked gem.
Ancient Romans initially named August “Sextillus” before it was renamed in honor of Emperor Caesar Augustus. The month itself, and by extension its birthstones, became associated with greatness and venerability. Carnelian, ruby, alexandrite, and sapphire are also listed as historical birthstones for August, demonstrating a wide range of stones connected to this time of year. Ruby, for example, was considered the traditional Hindu birthstone for August, symbolizing nobility and vitality. Alexandrite, the old Russian birthstone, was believed to connect individuals to their guardian spirits, fostering self-respect and creativity.
Peridot’s history is particularly intriguing, with some historians speculating that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted of peridot. The gem was sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazios, which was often mistakenly associated with the gem topaz itself. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is found in specific locations around the world. Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, is uniquely formed under extreme conditions. It can be found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites originating from outer space.
Sardonyx, a form of onyx, is characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding. It is sourced from India, but also found in Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany.
Spinel’s origins are varied, with different colors stemming from different geological environments. The sources for spinel are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is known for its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, though shades of brown also occur. The most desirable peridot stones exhibit a lime green or olive-green color. It is often compared to Fancy Vivid Yellowish Green diamonds in terms of color.
Sardonyx, a type of onyx, presents as a reddish-brown stone with distinctive white banding. It has a more stone-like appearance compared to the crystal-like appearance of peridot.
Spinel comes in a range of colors, including red, yellow-orange (rubicelle), purple (almandine), blue (sapphirine), and green (chlorospinel). The provided materials suggest that red spinel was historically mistaken for ruby, a testament to its similar appearance.
The provided sources do not contain detailed gemological data such as refractive index, hardness (Mohs scale), or chemical formulas for these stones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Peridot is considered a stone of responsibility, encouraging self-awareness and the acceptance of one’s actions. It is also associated with forgiveness and the manifestation of dreams.
Sardonyx is a protective stone radiating positive energy, enhancing confidence, optimism, and joy.
Spinel is believed to possess refreshing properties, renewing energy and fostering humility in victory. It is suggested that perseverance, aided by spinel, leads to success tempered with grace.
Alexandrite, another historical August birthstone, is linked to connecting with one’s guardians and building self-respect, willpower, and creativity. Ruby, similarly, is a stone of nobility, passion, protection, and prosperity, stimulating vitality. Sapphire symbolizes wisdom and spiritual truth, promoting peace of mind. Moonstone, also associated with August, is connected to lunar energy and nurturing love, and is believed to awaken Kundalini energy.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, based on general gemological knowledge, peridot, with its relatively lower hardness, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Sardonyx, being a form of onyx, is relatively durable but should still be protected from harsh impacts. Spinel, while generally durable, benefits from gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the more recent recognition of spinel, and the long-celebrated beauty of peridot, these gems offer a diverse palette of choices for those born in this vibrant summer month. Each stone carries its own unique energy and significance, making them not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful talismans for those who wear them.