Aquamarine, the birthstone for March, is a gemstone celebrated for its tranquil blue hues, reminiscent of the ocean’s depths. Historically valued for its protective qualities and association with happiness, this gem continues to captivate with its serene beauty and enduring symbolism. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and care of aquamarine, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The name “aquamarine” itself originates from the Latin words “aqua” and “marina,” meaning seawater, a fitting descriptor for its captivating color. Ancient mariners held this gem in high regard, believing it possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage across the seas. Beyond seafaring lore, aquamarine was thought to bring happiness in marriage and offer protection against foes in both battle and legal disputes. It was also believed to enhance intellect and foster amiability in its wearer.
Aquamarine’s historical significance is further highlighted by its presence in notable collections. In 1936, Eleanor Roosevelt received a significant aquamarine specimen – a dark blue, rectangular step-cut stone weighing 1,298 carats – as a gift from the Brazilian government. This gem now resides at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York. Perhaps the most celebrated example is the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, a massive 10,363-carat obelisk fashioned into a fantasy cut by German lapidary Berndt Munsteiner. This remarkable piece is a prominent attraction at the Smithsonian Institution.
Traditionally, aquamarine is also the gemstone gifted to celebrate the 19th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and commitment.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. While the sources do not detail the specific geological processes involved in its formation, they do indicate where this gemstone is found. Currently, Brazil is noted as a source for aquamarine, with examples originating from there being documented as early as the gift to Eleanor Roosevelt. China is also identified as a source, with examples of AA quality stones originating from the region.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine boasts a hardness ranging from 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear. Its chemical composition is silicon carbide (SiC), and it exhibits a refractive index of 2.65-69. The gem’s fire dispersion is 0.104, contributing to its brilliance.
Compared to moissanite and lab-grown diamonds, aquamarine occupies a distinct position in terms of hardness and refractive index. Moissanite, with a hardness of 9.25 and a refractive index of 2.65-69, is slightly harder and exhibits similar light performance. Lab-grown diamonds, possessing a perfect 10 on the Mohs scale and a refractive index of 2.42, are the hardest and most brilliant of the three.
The following table summarizes the gemological properties of Moissanite, Lab-Grown Diamond, and Aquamarine:
| Property | Moissanite | Lab Grown Diamond | Aquamarine |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition | Silicon Carbide (SiC) | Carbon (C) | Beryllium Aluminum Cyclosilicate |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9.25 | 10 | 7.5–8 |
| Refractive Index | 2.65-69 | 2.42 | 2.65-69 |
| Fire Dispersion | 0.104 | 0.044 | N/A |
| Sourcing | Laboratory Grown | Laboratory Grown | N/A |
Aquamarine typically presents in shades ranging from deep green-blue to light, slightly greenish-blue hues. High-quality aquamarines are often clear and free from inclusions, resembling the purity of water.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine is deeply symbolic, representing purity, harmony, and calmness. Its association with the sea evokes feelings of tranquility and clarity. The gem is believed to bring calmness and clarity to the wearer, embodying the peaceful essence of the ocean. It is also considered a stone that promotes well-being, with historical beliefs attributing protective qualities against negative forces and promoting health and strength. The presence of red spots in bloodstone, another March birthstone, were historically referred to as “blood” and believed to bring health and strength to the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of aquamarine is relatively straightforward due to its durability. The sources recommend cleaning the gemstone with warm water, mild dish soap, and a soft toothbrush to remove dirt accumulation behind the setting. Ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaning are generally safe, provided the gem is free from fractures or liquid inclusions.
Aquamarine in Jewelry
Aquamarine is frequently featured in rings, often showcased as a central stone. The sources mention a 4x4mm round aquamarine, weighing 0.20 carats, as an example of a stone used in ring settings. The gem’s tranquil blue hue makes it a versatile choice for various jewelry designs, complementing both warm and cool metal tones. The TMC Fine Jewellers source highlights the bespoke nature of ring creation, offering custom designs crafted from ethically sourced materials.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the March birthstone, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and natural beauty. From its ancient origins as a talisman for sailors to its modern-day appeal as a symbol of purity and harmony, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its durability, combined with its serene color, makes it a cherished gemstone for both everyday wear and special occasions. The gem’s association with calmness and clarity reinforces its enduring appeal as a source of peace and tranquility.