March is unique among the calendar months in possessing not one, but several recognized birthstones. While aquamarine and bloodstone are most frequently cited as the official gems for March, jasper and jade also hold significance, offering a diverse range of colors, properties, and historical associations. This article will explore each of these gemstones, detailing their geological origins, historical uses, gemological characteristics, and the lore surrounding them, as understood through available sources.
A Quartet of March Stones
The abundance of birthstones associated with March stems from both historical traditions and evolving modern interpretations. Some lists incorporate gems linked to the zodiac signs Pisces and Aries, which fall within the month, further expanding the selection. The choice ultimately rests with the individual, allowing for a personal connection to the stone that resonates most deeply. The gems associated with March present a spectrum of colors and energies, from the tranquil blues of aquamarine to the grounding earth tones of jasper and bloodstone, and the vibrant greens of jade.
Aquamarine: The Seafarer’s Stone
Aquamarine, a variety of the mineral beryl, is perhaps the most well-known March birthstone. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marinus,” meaning “water of the sea,” aptly describes its color range – from pale green to a deep, slightly greenish blue. Aquamarine is found in Brazil, Afghanistan, Kenya, Pakistan, and Russia.
Historically, aquamarine was believed to possess protective qualities, particularly for those who traveled by sea. Ancient mariners claimed the gem could calm waves and ensure a safe voyage. Beyond seafaring, the stone was thought to bring happiness in marriage and offer protection in battle and legal disputes. It was also believed to quicken the intellect and foster amiability.
Gemologically, aquamarine is rated 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it a durable stone suitable for jewelry. It is commonly faceted, with the emerald step-cut being a favored style, though brilliant cuts are also used to maximize its sparkle. The color of aquamarine can often be improved through heat treatment, enhancing the blue tones and increasing its value. The more saturated the color, the more valuable the stone, though lighter blue tones are still common in the retail market.
Bloodstone: A Gem of Health and Courage
Bloodstone, a captivating gem with a dark green base speckled with red spots of iron oxide, has a long-standing reputation for promoting health and vitality. The “blood” within the stone was historically believed to possess healing properties, offering strength and longevity to the wearer. It is a combination of Jasper and Chalcedony.
Found in India, Australia, Brazil, the United States, and Madagascar, bloodstone has been valued for centuries. Specimens colored only yellow are sometimes referred to as Plasma. Beyond physical health, bloodstone was thought to bring respect and mental clarity, aiding in decision-making. It was also believed to dispel sorrow and usher in positive change.
Bloodstone is typically cut en cabochon to best display its unique pattern. Its composition of jasper and chalcedony contributes to its durability.
Jasper: The Supreme Nurturer
Jasper, a variety of chalcedony, presents a wide array of colors and patterns, including brown, clay, red-brown, and speckled combinations of red and brown. Sources indicate it is found in India, Russia, Egypt, Madagascar, Brazil, Venezuela, and Australia.
Known as the “Supreme Nurturer,” jasper is believed to balance yin and yang energies, promoting tranquility and resilience in the face of stress. Historically, it was used to increase fertility. Jasper’s diverse appearance and grounding energy make it a popular choice for carvings and ornamental objects, as well as jewelry.
Jade: A Stone of Spirituality and Protection
Jade, encompassing both nephrite and jadeite minerals, is deeply rooted in cultural significance, particularly in China and the Pacific Rim. Nephrite is composed of calcium and magnesium, while jadeite is an aluminum and sodium silicate. The most common color is green, but jade can also be found in shades of purple, lavender, creamy white, black, and brown.
For thousands of years, jade has been used in sculpting and crafting, and was often carved into protective talismans. It is believed to provide access to the spiritual realm, enhancing mental clarity and fostering love and nurturing. Ancient cultures valued jade for its perceived ability to deliver great mental clarity.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes key gemological properties of the March birthstones discussed:
| Gemstone | Mineral Type | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquamarine | Beryl | Aqua, pale green, pale blue | 7.5-8 | Brazil, Afghanistan, Kenya, Pakistan, Russia |
| Bloodstone | Jasper & Chalcedony | Gray, blue-gray, red, aqua, swirls | N/A | India, Australia, Brazil, U.S., Madagascar |
| Jasper | Chalcedony | Brown, clay, red-brown, speckled | N/A | India, Russia, Egypt, Madagascar, Brazil, Venezuela, Australia |
| Jade | Nephrite/Jadeite | Green, purple, lavender, white, black | N/A | China, Pacific Rim |
(Note: Hardness data for Bloodstone, Jasper, and Jade was not explicitly provided in the sources.)
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these March birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical associations. Aquamarine represents purity, courage, and clarity, while bloodstone symbolizes health, strength, and resilience. Jasper is associated with nurturing, balance, and tranquility, and jade embodies spirituality, protection, and wisdom. These beliefs, passed down through generations, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their varying hardness levels, each of these March birthstones requires slightly different care. Aquamarine, with its relatively high hardness, is durable enough for everyday wear. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Bloodstone and jasper, while reasonably durable, may be more susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Jade, depending on whether it is nephrite or jadeite, can be cleaned similarly to aquamarine, but should be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
The March birthstones – aquamarine, bloodstone, jasper, and jade – offer a rich tapestry of color, history, and symbolism. From the calming blues of aquamarine to the grounding earth tones of jasper and bloodstone, and the spiritual resonance of jade, these gems provide a diverse range of options for those born in March. Each stone carries a unique legacy, reflecting centuries of cultural beliefs and gemological appreciation. The choice of which March birthstone to embrace is a personal one, allowing individuals to connect with the gem that best embodies their own spirit and aspirations.