March is unique among the birthstone months, possessing not one, but two recognized gemstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. While aquamarine represents a more modern association, bloodstone holds a long-standing traditional connection to the month. Both gems carry distinct histories, geological origins, and symbolic meanings, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in March. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these two captivating birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of linking gemstones to specific months evolved over centuries. The earliest roots trace back to biblical times, with the twelve gemstones adorning the breastplate of Aaron believed to correspond to the twelve tribes of Israel. Later, in the 1st and 5th centuries CE, Josephus and St. Jerome began associating these gems with the signs of the zodiac, suggesting each stone offered unique powers during its corresponding astrological period. This led to a practice of collecting and wearing all twelve gems throughout the year for talismanic or therapeutic benefits.
The association of a single gem with each month, and the practice of wearing only the stone connected to one’s birth month, emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, originating in Poland. The standardization of modern birthstones in the United States occurred in 1912, when the National Association of Jewelers released an official list. Aquamarine became the designated modern birthstone for March at this time.
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, boasts a history stretching back to ancient times. The name “heliotrope” originates from the ancient Greek word meaning “to turn the sun,” stemming from the belief that placing the stone in water would turn the sun red. Some historical accounts attribute religious significance to the stone’s color pattern, associating it with the blood of Christ. Throughout history, bloodstone has been attributed with various metaphysical properties, including increasing strength, granting invisibility, and preserving health and youth. Even today, it is considered a lucky charm, particularly prized by athletes seeking to enhance their performance. In India, it has been historically ground into a powder and used as an aphrodisiac.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine, a variety of the mineral beryl, derives its vibrant green-blue hues from trace amounts of chromium and vanadium within its composition. The most highly regarded aquamarines have been sourced from Colombia for over 500 years, establishing a benchmark for quality against which all other aquamarines are measured. Significant mining locations within Colombia include Muzo, Chivor, and Coscuez. Brazil, specifically the state of Minas Gerais, has also been a crucial source of aquamarine for the past two centuries. These gems are found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) pegmatite deposits in the eastern portion of the state, near the gem center of Teófilo Otoni.
Bloodstone is a variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. It is typically semi-translucent to opaque dark green jasper, characterized by red inclusions of iron oxides, most notably hematite. Specific locations for bloodstone sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine’s color ranges from pale blue to a deep, rich blue-green. It is a durable gemstone, suitable for everyday wear. While specific properties like refractive index and chemical formula are not provided in the sources, its association with beryl indicates a hardness suitable for jewelry. In 1936, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt received a remarkable aquamarine specimen from the Brazilian government – a dark blue, rectangular step-cut stone weighing 1,298 carats, faceted from a rough piece weighing 2.9 pounds. The Smithsonian Institution houses the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, believed to be the largest faceted aquamarine in the world, weighing 10,363 carats and fashioned into a 14-inch obelisk using the fantasy cut technique.
Bloodstone, a variety of chalcedony, is typically cut as a cabochon, though some examples are faceted. It is characterized by its dark green base color and the striking red inclusions of hematite. The sources do not provide specific details regarding its hardness or other gemological properties.
The following table summarizes the key differences between the two March birthstones:
| Feature | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl | Chalcedony |
| Color | Blue to Blue-Green | Dark Green with Red Inclusions |
| Transparency | Transparent to Translucent | Semi-Translucent to Opaque |
| Typical Cut | Faceted | Cabochon |
| Primary Source | Colombia, Brazil | Not specified in sources |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine, beyond its aesthetic appeal, is often associated with youth, health, and hope. It is traditionally given as a gift on the 19th wedding anniversary.
Bloodstone has a rich history of metaphysical beliefs. Historically, it was believed to possess the power to turn the sun red when placed in water. Throughout the centuries, it has been attributed with increasing strength, granting invisibility, preserving health and youth, and acting as a lucky charm. Modern interpretations continue to emphasize its ability to enhance strength and vitality. In some traditions, it is even considered an aphrodisiac.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for either aquamarine or bloodstone. However, given aquamarine’s association with beryl, it is likely durable enough for regular wear. Bloodstone, being a chalcedony, is also relatively durable. General gemstone care guidelines, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, would be prudent for both stones.
Conclusion
March’s birthstones, aquamarine and bloodstone, represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. Aquamarine, the modern choice, embodies clarity and tranquility, while bloodstone, the traditional gem, carries a legacy of strength and vitality. Both stones offer unique beauty and significance, providing a meaningful connection to the month of March for those born under its sign. The standardization of birthstones by the American National Retail Jeweler’s Association in 1912 solidified these associations, ensuring their continued popularity and cultural relevance.