Blue topaz, particularly the captivating London Blue variety, has emerged as a prominent and popular birthstone for December. While historically sharing the month with turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite, blue topaz has become the most commonly purchased gemstone representing this winter month, officially cemented in its position in 2002. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this dazzling blue gem.
History and Lore
The story of topaz itself stretches back millennia, with early discoveries on the Greek Islands over two thousand years ago. The very name “topaz” is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, reflecting the gem’s historical association with strength and protection. While topaz occurs in a variety of colors, the blue hues specifically linked to December are largely a modern phenomenon, achieved through irradiation and heat treatment of naturally colorless topaz.
Historically, topaz was valued for its perceived protective qualities. However, the specific association of blue topaz with December is relatively recent. Before 2002, December boasted a trio of birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – each offering a unique color and symbolism. The rise in popularity of blue topaz, and its subsequent official recognition, has positioned it as the dominant December birthstone, embodying the cool hues of the winter season. The name "London Blue Topaz" itself is derived from the presence of a large, 9,381-carat blue topaz displayed in the UK Natural History Museum.
Geological Formation and Sources
Blue topaz is a silicate mineral, composed of aluminum and fluorine, with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)4. It forms within igneous rocks, often in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks formed during the final stages of a magma’s crystallization. The strong chemical bonding within its structure contributes to its relatively high hardness.
While naturally occurring blue topaz exists, it is quite rare. The vast majority of blue topaz available commercially is created by irradiating colorless topaz, a process that alters the gem’s color. This treatment is stable and permanent, resulting in a durable and attractive gemstone.
Topaz is mined in several locations around the world, including Russia, Nigeria, China, and the United States. The sources do not specify any particular location as being dominant for London Blue topaz specifically, but the gem is widely available due to the ease of treating colorless topaz from various sources.
Gemological Properties
Blue topaz exhibits a vitreous luster and a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable and suitable for everyday wear, though caution should be exercised with London Blue topaz, which is somewhat more fragile. Its strong chemical bonding contributes to this hardness, exceeding that of many other silicate minerals.
The color range of blue topaz is diverse, encompassing shades from light sky blue to deep, inky blues. Three main color varieties are recognized:
- London Blue Topaz: This variety features a deep, inky medium blue color, often with a subtle green tinge resulting from heat treatment. It is the darkest and most sought-after blue topaz color.
- Swiss Blue Topaz: Displaying a vibrant sky blue with lighter tone and saturation, Swiss Blue topaz offers a brighter, more airy appearance.
- Sky Blue Topaz: This variety presents a light, icy blue reminiscent of clear skies.
London Blue topaz, in particular, commands higher prices, typically ranging from 10-30 US dollars per carat, reflecting its desirability. The cut of the stone often contributes as much value as the color itself. The gem exhibits strong cleavage, meaning it can split along certain planes, requiring careful handling.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Strong |
| Color | Light to dark blue (London, Swiss, Sky) |
| Transparency | Transparent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Blue topaz is often referred to as the “clarity stone,” believed to stimulate open communication and encourage positive action. It symbolizes opportunity and possibility, making it a fitting gemstone for the start of a new year. Beyond its association with December, blue topaz is also traditionally gifted for the fourth and sixteenth wedding anniversaries.
The gem is thought to promote good communication and morality, and is considered beneficial for Scorpios and Sagittarians, the zodiac signs associated with November, though its primary association is with December. It represents love and fidelity, making it a meaningful gift for romantic occasions. The cool blue hues are also seen as calming and soothing, promoting tranquility and emotional balance.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness, blue topaz is generally durable and suitable for daily wear. However, London Blue topaz is noted to be less durable than other varieties and requires extra caution to avoid breakage or scratches. It is advisable to avoid impacts or abrasive contact with harder materials.
Cleaning blue topaz jewelry is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth are sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided, as they may damage the gemstone or its setting. Exposure to high heat or extreme temperature changes should also be avoided. Proper storage, away from other jewelry that could cause scratches, will help maintain its brilliance.
Conclusion
London Blue Topaz has secured its place as a beloved December birthstone, captivating jewelry enthusiasts with its deep, inky blue hues and symbolic significance. From its ancient origins and association with fire to its modern-day representation of clarity and communication, this gem continues to hold a special allure. Its durability, affordability, and availability in various cuts and sizes make it a versatile and accessible choice for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gemstone. With proper care, a piece of London Blue Topaz jewelry can be treasured for a lifetime, embodying the cool beauty and hopeful spirit of the winter season.