March is a month of transition, marking the start of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the awakening of nature after the long winter. It is also a month rich in symbolism and tradition, particularly in the realm of gemstones. The birthstones for March are aquamarine and bloodstone—two gemstones that, while vastly different in appearance and composition, share a common role in the cultural and historical tapestry of this month. Aquamarine, with its serene blue-green hues, evokes the tranquility of the sea, while bloodstone, with its deep green and crimson flecks, is a symbol of vitality and strength. This article delves into the geological, historical, and cultural aspects of both aquamarine and bloodstone, offering a comprehensive exploration of their significance as March birthstones.
Introduction
March is one of the few months in the annual calendar to have two official birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. This dual symbolism reflects the month’s duality—a time of both transition and renewal. While aquamarine is often associated with the calm and peaceful qualities of the ocean, bloodstone is revered for its grounding and energizing properties. Both gemstones have a long history of use in jewelry and healing, and their association with March is deeply rooted in cultural and astrological traditions.
The origins of birthstones can be traced back to ancient times, where certain stones were believed to hold protective and healing properties. Over the centuries, these beliefs evolved, and by the 1800s, standardized lists of birthstones were established, influenced by both historical texts and emerging commercial interests in gemstone jewelry. Today, aquamarine and bloodstone remain popular choices for March birthdays, each carrying its own unique charm and symbolism.
This article explores the geological properties, historical significance, and cultural lore of aquamarine and bloodstone. It also provides practical information on how to care for these gemstones, ensuring their beauty and value endure over time. Whether you are a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or simply curious about the meaning behind the stones associated with March, this article offers a detailed and authoritative guide to these two remarkable birthstones.
History and Lore
Origins of Birthstone Traditions
The concept of birthstones is ancient, with roots in the Bible and early religious texts. The first-century AD historian Flavius Josephus linked the 12 stones of the High Priest’s breastplate in the Book of Exodus to the 12 months of the year, a tradition that later evolved into the modern birthstone calendar. In this early system, bloodstone was the sole birthstone for March. However, the identification of specific gemstones in ancient texts is often debated due to the lack of precise terminology and evolving gemological knowledge over time.
By the 1500s, the practice of wearing birthstones became more widespread in Europe, particularly in Germany and Poland, where jewelers began crafting and selling birthstone jewelry. The 1800s marked a turning point in the standardization of birthstone lists, with Tiffany & Co. playing a pivotal role in popularizing the association between gemstones and birth months. In 1870, the company published a poem that listed aquamarine as the March birthstone, alongside bloodstone, establishing the dual symbolism that persists today.
Astrological Significance
In addition to their connection to the month of March, both aquamarine and bloodstone are associated with specific zodiac signs. Aquamarine is the birthstone for Pisces, which spans from February 20 to March 20, while bloodstone is linked to both Pisces and Aries, the latter of which begins on March 21. This astrological alignment reinforces the dual nature of March, as it straddles the transition between the water sign of Pisces and the fire sign of Aries.
The association of aquamarine with Pisces is particularly fitting, as the zodiac sign is often described as sensitive, intuitive, and emotional—qualities that are mirrored in the gemstone’s calming blue hues. Conversely, bloodstone is believed to resonate with the energetic and ambitious traits of Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, which is ruled by Mars, the Roman god of war. This connection underscores the symbolic duality of March, which is both a time of reflection and a time of action.
Cultural and Symbolic Meanings
Throughout history, both aquamarine and bloodstone have been imbued with symbolic meanings that reflect their physical characteristics and the beliefs of the cultures that valued them. Aquamarine, with its oceanic colors, was often associated with sailors and the sea. Ancient mariners believed that carrying an aquamarine would protect them from the dangers of the sea and ensure safe passage. This belief was rooted in the gemstone’s name, which comes from the Latin aqua marina, meaning “water of the sea.”
Bloodstone, on the other hand, was seen as a symbol of vitality and courage. The red flecks in the green matrix were interpreted as drops of blood, which in medieval Europe were believed to represent the life force. Bloodstone was thought to enhance physical strength and endurance, making it a popular choice for warriors and athletes. It was also used in healing practices, with some cultures believing that it could purify the blood and promote overall health.
These symbolic associations have persisted into modern times, with aquamarine and bloodstone continuing to be valued for their metaphysical properties. While the scientific community does not recognize these beliefs as valid, the cultural and historical significance of these gemstones remains an important part of their identity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, which also includes other well-known gemstones such as emerald, heliodor, and morganite. The gemstone’s blue-green color is caused by the presence of iron in the crystal structure. In its purest form, beryl is colorless, but trace elements such as iron, chromium, or vanadium can alter its hue. The name aquamarine is derived from the Latin phrase aqua marina, which means “water of the sea,” a reference to its characteristic color.
Aquamarine is typically found in granite pegmatites and metamorphic rocks, where it forms under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The most significant sources of aquamarine include Brazil, Madagascar, Nigeria, and the United States. Brazil, in particular, is known for producing large, high-quality aquamarine crystals, some of which can weigh several kilograms. These crystals are often cut into faceted gemstones or used in museum displays.
The gemstone is valued for its clarity and durability. Aquamarine ranks 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, making it relatively resistant to scratches and suitable for use in jewelry. It is also pleochroic, meaning that it can display different colors depending on the angle at which it is viewed. This phenomenon occurs because the gemstone absorbs light differently in different directions, resulting in a color shift from blue to green or even colorless.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a type of jasper, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. It is characterized by its deep green color and red spots, which are composed of iron oxide. The red flecks resemble drops of blood, which is the origin of the gemstone’s name. While the exact chemical composition of bloodstone can vary, it is generally composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) with iron impurities responsible for its coloration.
Bloodstone is typically found in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, where it forms in cavities or fractures. It is commonly mined in India, Brazil, Australia, China, and the United States. Indian bloodstone is particularly well-known for its vibrant green color and distinct red flecks, making it a popular choice for cabochon cuts. The gemstone is usually opaque, which means that it does not transmit light, and it is often cut into cabochons to enhance its luster.
Bloodstone ranks between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, making it a relatively durable gemstone. However, it is more susceptible to scratches and damage than aquamarine, so it requires careful handling and storage. Bloodstone is also sensitive to high temperatures and harsh chemicals, which can cause it to lose its luster or become damaged.
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are widely available in the gemstone market, though their rarity and quality can affect their value. Aquamarine is generally more expensive than bloodstone, particularly when it is large and of high clarity. Bloodstone, on the other hand, is more affordable and is often used in costume jewelry and alternative birthstone jewelry.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a translucent to transparent gemstone that is typically cut into faceted shapes to enhance its brilliance and color. It is often found in shades of blue and green, ranging from pale sky blue to deep sea green. The most valuable aquamarines are those with a rich blue color and minimal inclusions. These gemstones are prized for their clarity and purity, as they are often described as being “as clear as water.”
The gemstone’s refractive index is between 1.57 and 1.60, which means that it bends light in a way that produces a moderate level of brilliance. Aquamarine is also pleochroic, meaning that it can display different colors depending on the angle at which it is viewed. This property is particularly noticeable in larger stones, where the color can shift from blue to green or even colorless.
Aquamarine is a member of the beryl family, which includes other gemstones such as emerald, heliodor, and morganite. Like other beryls, aquamarine is relatively hard, with a rating of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it suitable for use in jewelry, as it can withstand daily wear without easily scratching or chipping.
In terms of treatment, aquamarine is often heat-treated to enhance its color. This process involves heating the gemstone to around 400°C to remove any brownish tones and intensify the blue color. Heat treatment is a common practice in the gemstone industry and is generally considered stable and long-lasting.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is an opaque gemstone that is typically cut into cabochons to enhance its luster and display its characteristic red flecks. Unlike aquamarine, bloodstone does not transmit light, and it is often described as having a waxy or vitreous luster. The gemstone’s refractive index is lower than that of aquamarine, ranging between 1.48 and 1.54.
Bloodstone is a type of jasper, which is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) with iron oxide responsible for its coloration. The red flecks in the green matrix are what give the gemstone its name and are often interpreted as symbols of vitality and strength.
Bloodstone ranks between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, making it a relatively durable gemstone. However, it is more susceptible to scratches and damage than aquamarine, so it requires careful handling and storage. Bloodstone is also sensitive to high temperatures and harsh chemicals, which can cause it to lose its luster or become damaged.
In terms of treatment, bloodstone is generally not treated, as it is already a natural and stable gemstone. However, some bloodstone may be dyed or enhanced to improve its color or clarity. These treatments are not as common as those used for aquamarine, but they can affect the value and authenticity of the gemstone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is one of the most widely recognized and beloved gemstones in the world of birthstones. Its association with the sea and its calming blue hues have made it a symbol of peace, tranquility, and emotional balance. In many cultures, aquamarine is believed to have a soothing effect on the mind and body, helping to reduce stress and promote a sense of well-being.
Ancient mariners believed that aquamarine was a protective stone, capable of calming the seas and ensuring safe passage. This belief was based on the gemstone’s name, which comes from the Latin aqua marina, and its association with the ocean. Sailors would often carry aquamarine with them on long voyages, believing that it would shield them from the dangers of the sea.
In modern times, aquamarine is also associated with love and marriage. It is believed to bring harmony and understanding to relationships, making it a popular choice for engagement rings and wedding jewelry. The gemstone is also thought to enhance communication and self-expression, making it a valuable tool for those who wish to improve their interpersonal skills.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, with its deep green color and red flecks, is often associated with vitality, courage, and strength. The red flecks, which resemble drops of blood, have long been interpreted as symbols of life and energy. In medieval Europe, bloodstone was believed to enhance physical strength and endurance, making it a popular choice for warriors and athletes.
The gemstone is also associated with healing and purification. Some cultures believe that bloodstone can purify the blood and promote overall health. It is often used in traditional medicine and healing practices, where it is believed to have a cleansing effect on the body and mind.
In addition to its physical properties, bloodstone is also believed to have emotional and spiritual benefits. It is thought to help individuals overcome fear and anxiety, providing a sense of grounding and stability. Bloodstone is also associated with determination and ambition, making it a popular choice for those who wish to achieve their goals.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone, but it still requires proper care to maintain its beauty and longevity. The gemstone ranks 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it resistant to scratches and chipping. However, it is still important to handle aquamarine with care, especially when it is set in jewelry.
To clean aquamarine, a soft brush and warm, soapy water are recommended. A mild detergent, such as dish soap, can be used to gently clean the surface of the gemstone. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface or affect its color.
After cleaning, aquamarine should be dried with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent water spots. It is also a good idea to store aquamarine in a soft fabric pouch or a lined jewelry box to prevent it from coming into contact with other gemstones or jewelry that could scratch it.
Aquamarine is sensitive to high temperatures, so it should not be exposed to excessive heat. This includes avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or heat sources such as hair dryers or ovens. If aquamarine is treated with heat, it should not be subjected to further heating, as this could cause the color to fade or change.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a more fragile gemstone than aquamarine, so it requires even more careful handling and care. The gemstone ranks between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, making it susceptible to scratches and damage. Bloodstone is also sensitive to high temperatures and harsh chemicals, which can cause it to lose its luster or become damaged.
To clean bloodstone, a soft brush and warm, soapy water are recommended. A mild detergent, such as dish soap, can be used to gently clean the surface of the gemstone. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface or affect its color.
After cleaning, bloodstone should be dried with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent water spots. It is also a good idea to store bloodstone in a soft fabric pouch or a lined jewelry box to prevent it from coming into contact with other gemstones or jewelry that could scratch it.
Bloodstone should not be exposed to high temperatures or direct sunlight for extended periods, as this can cause it to lose its luster or become damaged. It is also important to avoid using harsh chemicals or steam cleaners, as these can cause the gemstone to become brittle or discolored.
Conclusion
The birthstones for March—aquamarine and bloodstone—are two of the most fascinating and meaningful gemstones in the world of birthstones. While they differ in appearance, composition, and symbolism, both gemstones share a common role in the cultural and historical tapestry of this month. Aquamarine, with its serene blue-green hues, evokes the tranquility of the sea and is associated with peace and emotional balance. Bloodstone, with its deep green color and red flecks, is a symbol of vitality and strength, often used in healing and protection.
The origins of birthstone traditions can be traced back to ancient times, with the first-century AD historian Flavius Josephus linking the 12 stones of the High Priest’s breastplate to the 12 months of the year. By the 1500s, the practice of wearing birthstones became more widespread in Europe, and by the 1800s, standardized lists of birthstones were established. Today, aquamarine and bloodstone remain popular choices for March birthdays, each carrying its own unique charm and symbolism.
In terms of geological properties, aquamarine is a member of the beryl family and is prized for its clarity and durability, while bloodstone is a type of jasper and is valued for its grounding and energizing properties. Both gemstones have a rich history of use in jewelry and healing, and their association with March is deeply rooted in cultural and astrological traditions.
For those who are born in March or who are simply curious about the meaning behind these gemstones, aquamarine and bloodstone offer a wealth of symbolism and significance. Whether worn as jewelry or used in healing practices, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire, serving as a reminder of the beauty and power of nature.