The ruby, a gemstone celebrated for its vibrant red hue, holds the distinguished position as the primary birthstone for July. Revered for centuries as a symbol of passion, protection, and prosperity, the ruby’s allure extends from ancient royalty to modern-day jewelry enthusiasts. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of this captivating gem, exploring its enduring appeal and the beliefs surrounding it.
History and Lore
The story of the ruby is interwoven with tales of power, courage, and romance. Its name originates from the Latin word rubeus, meaning red, a direct reference to its most striking characteristic. Throughout history, the ruby has been associated with royalty and nobility. In ancient India, the ruby was known as ratnaraj, translating to “king of precious stones,” and was offered to the god Krishna with the hope of reincarnation as an emperor. This association with kingship and power continued through the ages, with Burmese warriors believing the stone rendered them invincible in battle and medieval Europeans attributing health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love to its possession.
The ruby’s historical significance is not limited to its association with power. Ancient cultures believed the gem held protective qualities, warding off misfortune and danger. Some even claimed it could predict such events or cure inflammatory diseases. The ruby’s deep red color, reminiscent of blood, led to its association with life force and vitality, further enhancing its mystical reputation. As a symbol of passion and love, rubies have long been gifted to express deep affection, and continue to be the traditional gift for the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral. Their characteristic red color is derived from trace amounts of the element chromium. The more chromium present, the more intense the red hue. The most prized ruby color is a deep, vivid red with a hint of purple, known in the trade as “pigeon’s blood.”
Historically, the most significant source of high-quality rubies was Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, particularly the Mogok Valley. For over five hundred years, this region has been renowned for producing rubies with an exceptional intensity of color, the famed “Burmese rubies” or “pigeon’s blood” rubies. These rubies are considered among the most valuable in the world.
More recently, ruby deposits have been discovered in other regions. Vietnam produces rubies ranging in color from red to purple-red. Thailand, specifically the Chanthaburi region, is also a notable source, yielding rubies of varying qualities. Additional ruby resources are found in India, the Middle East, East Africa, and even within the United States, though these sources do not consistently produce gems of the highest caliber. The Mong Hsu region of Myanmar began producing rubies in the 1990s, with heat treatment used to enhance color saturation.
Gemological Properties
The ruby’s appeal extends beyond its color. It boasts exceptional hardness, ranking a 9 on the Mohs scale – second only to diamond. This durability makes it well-suited for everyday wear in jewelry.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (Aluminum Oxide) |
| Color | Red (varying shades, best is "pigeon's blood") |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 |
| Luster | Adamantine |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Refractive Index | 1.762 - 1.778 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.97 - 4.05 |
While rubies can vary in clarity, most contain some inclusions, which are natural imperfections within the stone. These inclusions can sometimes be used to identify a ruby as natural, as synthetic rubies often have fewer flaws. The size of rubies suitable for jewelry is often limited, with larger, high-quality rubies commanding exceptionally high prices, sometimes exceeding those of diamonds. Cubic zirconia and crystals are often used as more affordable alternatives to rubies in jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The ruby’s symbolism is deeply rooted in its color and historical associations. Red is universally linked to passion, love, and energy, and the ruby embodies these qualities. It is believed to stimulate the heart chakra, promoting vitality and courage.
Across cultures, the ruby has been attributed with various powers. Some believe it attracts good fortune and prosperity, while others associate it with protection from negative energies. The ruby is also linked to creativity and leadership, making it a fitting birthstone for those born in July, a month often associated with warmth and vibrancy. The stone is said to inspire passion and enthusiasm, encouraging individuals to pursue their goals with confidence.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, the ruby is a relatively durable gemstone. However, it is still susceptible to damage from improper care. To maintain its brilliance, rubies should be cleaned regularly with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone or its setting.
Rubies should be stored separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching. It is also advisable to have rubies professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure their continued beauty and structural integrity.
Conclusion
The ruby remains a captivating gemstone, steeped in history, symbolism, and scientific intrigue. From its ancient origins as a symbol of royalty and power to its modern-day status as a beloved birthstone, the ruby continues to inspire awe and admiration. Its vibrant color, exceptional durability, and enduring lore ensure its place as one of the most coveted and cherished gemstones in the world. The ruby’s association with passion, courage, and prosperity makes it a meaningful and beautiful gift for those born in July, and a timeless treasure for anyone who appreciates the enduring allure of fine gemstones.