Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive olive-to-golden green hues, holds a prominent position as a traditional and modern birthstone for the month of August. Revered for centuries, this vibrant gem is linked to renewal, protection, and the energy of the sun, earning it the moniker “gem of the sun.” Its unique origins, found in both volcanic rock and even meteorites, contribute to its mystique and enduring appeal. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, providing a comprehensive overview of this captivating gemstone.
History and Lore
The history of peridot stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. While August is now commonly associated with peridot, onyx, and spinel, peridot has a long-standing tradition as the primary stone for this month. The gifting of gemstones corresponding to birth months originated in medieval Poland or Germany, evolving from ancient roots traceable to biblical times. The tradition has diversified over time, with varying sets of birthstones – ancient, traditional, or modern – adding to the complexity of associations.
Peridot has been treasured for thousands of years, appearing in jewelry as beads, necklaces, and faceted stones in rings. Ancient Egyptians held peridot in high esteem, believing it possessed protective powers and warding off evil and nightmares. It was often referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle brilliantly under both natural and artificial light, though it is distinct from emerald in its composition and characteristics.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem-quality form of olivine, a mineral commonly found in volcanic rock. Its formation occurs deep within the Earth’s mantle, and it is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Notably, peridot has also been discovered in fallen meteorites, specifically Pallasite Meteorites, adding to its otherworldly allure. While meteorite-sourced peridot is often too small for jewelry, larger, gem-quality stones are commonly found in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by lava flows.
Significant sources of peridot include Arizona, Pakistan, Myanmar (Burma), and China. The specific hue of peridot depends on its iron content, with pure green being the most rare and valuable.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4, indicating it is primarily composed of magnesium, iron, and silicon dioxide. The presence of iron is responsible for its characteristic green color and luster. On the Mohs hardness scale, peridot measures between 6.5 and 7, making it durable enough for everyday wear, though it is susceptible to scratching and chipping.
The gem’s refractive qualities contribute to its sparkle, particularly under light. It is important to note that while peridot can resemble emerald, it possesses distinct characteristics that differentiate it. Peridot’s color ranges from bright lime to deep olive, with the most sought-after stones exhibiting a vivid, clear green.
Here's a summary of Peridot's key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Color | Olive to Golden Green |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. It is often associated with renewal, protection, prosperity, and warmth, reinforcing its title as the “gem of the sun.” It is believed to sharpen the mind, open the heart to growth, and help individuals reveal their true purpose.
In some traditions, peridot is linked to the zodiac sign Leo, whose vibrant energy aligns with the stone’s warm green color. It is also believed to enhance protective and energizing qualities when worn on the little finger (pinky) or ring finger.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of peridot jewelry. Like emerald, peridot can fracture with stress or extreme heat exposure. It is advisable to avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Instead, peridot should be cleaned with mild soap and water. To prevent scratches, it is recommended to store peridot jewelry separately from other gemstones. Jewelers often suggest bezel settings, particularly for rings, to provide extra protection against chipping and abrasion.
Alternative August Birthstones
While peridot is a prominent August birthstone, it is not the only gem associated with this month. Sardonyx, spinel, and carnelian are also recognized as alternative birthstones for August. Sardonyx, historically used to honor the month, is believed to promote self-control, willpower, and integrity. Spinel, often mistaken for ruby, is associated with rejuvenation and the opening of chakras. Carnelian is thought to inspire courage, success, and creativity. The availability and affordability of these stones make them accessible alternatives to peridot. Modern jewelers often utilize lab-created cubic zirconia in a peridot green hue to capture the stone’s beauty at a lower price point.
Pronunciation
For those curious, peridot is pronounced “pair-ih-doh,” with the “t” remaining silent.
Modern Applications and Market Value
Peridot remains a popular choice for jewelry, appearing in rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets. Its versatility allows it to complement both yellow and white gold settings. While not as expensive as some other gemstones, the value of peridot depends on its color, clarity, and size. Pure green peridot is considered the most valuable. The stone’s increasing popularity and unique characteristics ensure its continued demand in the jewelry market.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant August birthstone, is a gemstone steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins in volcanic rock and meteorites to its modern-day appeal in jewelry, peridot continues to captivate with its unique green hues and enduring charm. Its association with renewal, protection, and the sun’s energy makes it a meaningful and beautiful gemstone for those born in August, or for anyone drawn to its captivating allure.