The tradition of birthstones, associating specific gemstones with each month of the year, is a practice steeped in history and symbolism. These stones are not merely beautiful adornments; they are believed to possess unique energies and offer particular fortunes to those born under their influence. For those born in August, the choices are particularly diverse, encompassing the vibrant green of Peridot, the richly colored Spinel, and the banded elegance of Sardonyx. These gemstones, each with its own geological origins, historical significance, and attributed properties, offer a fascinating glimpse into the enduring allure of colored stones.
History and Lore
The roots of birthstone tradition stretch back to biblical times, as detailed in the Book of Exodus. This ancient text describes a breastplate worn by Aaron, the high priest, adorned with twelve stones representing the tribes of Israel. These stones were believed to hold power and reveal fate. However, the identification of these stones with modern gemstones is complex, as mineral naming conventions differed significantly then, relying more on color than precise chemical composition. For example, the term “chrysolite” encompassed stones now identified as topaz or peridot.
While the direct lineage to Aaron’s breastplate is debated, the concept of associating gemstones with specific times of year gradually evolved. The modern standardization of birthstones, with multiple options for some months, is a relatively recent development. August originally had only Sardonyx as its designated birthstone. Peridot and Spinel were later additions, reflecting both evolving gemological understanding and changing preferences in jewelry and symbolism.
Sardonyx, with its layers of red-brown sard and white onyx, was historically valued for its perceived ability to bring courage, strength, and protection. It was also a practical stone, utilized for creating wax seals. Spinel, for a long period, was mistaken for ruby and sapphire, and only in the late 19th century was it recognized as a distinct mineral. Peridot, with its captivating green hue, was once believed to ward off evil spirits and protect against nightmares, and was even favored by Cleopatra, though historians now suggest she may have been wearing peridot rather than emeralds.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of August’s birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is found in various locations around the globe.
Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. It forms within cavities in volcanic rocks, where silica-rich fluids deposit layers of different colored chalcedony, creating the characteristic banded appearance. Significant deposits of Sardonyx are found in India, Brazil, and the United States.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks, often alongside ruby and sapphire, and can also be found in alluvial deposits. Its formation requires specific geological conditions involving high pressure and temperature. Notable sources of Spinel include Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Myanmar. The most highly prized Spinels exhibit a vibrant red or pink color, rivaling the appearance of ruby.
Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is often found in igneous rocks, particularly basalt. Key sources of Peridot include Egypt, Myanmar, and the United States. The gem’s distinctive green color is due to the presence of iron.
Gemological Properties
The three August birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties that contribute to their unique characteristics and appeal.
Sardonyx: This gemstone is a form of chalcedony, with a hardness of 6.5 out of 10 on the Mohs scale. This makes it relatively durable, though susceptible to scratching from harder materials. Its composition is silicon dioxide (SiO2). The banded appearance is a defining characteristic, with colors ranging from reddish-brown to white.
Spinel: Spinel boasts a higher hardness, ranking between 7.5 and 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable choice for jewelry. Its chemical formula is MgAl2O4, though it can contain trace elements that influence its color. Spinel occurs in a wide spectrum of colors, including red, pink, blue, green, and black.
Peridot: Peridot has a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, similar to Sardonyx. Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, with the iron content contributing to its characteristic green color. Peridot exhibits a distinctive olive-green hue, though shades can vary depending on iron content.
The following table summarizes these properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sardonyx | SiO2 | 6.5 | Red-brown and White (banded) |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | 7.5-8 | Various (Red, Pink, Blue, etc.) |
| Peridot | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | 6.5-7 | Olive Green |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Sardonyx is believed to promote courage, self-control, and motivation. It was historically worn as a talisman to ward off negative energy.
Spinel is thought to enhance vitality, promote positive energy, and bring a sense of peace and calm. Its vibrant colors are often associated with passion and energy.
Peridot is believed to promote positivity, happiness, and confidence. It was historically used to symbolize strength, courage, and abundance, and was thought to protect against nightmares and evil spirits.
These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones and their significance as birthstones.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and luster of August’s birthstones. Due to their varying hardness levels, different cleaning methods are recommended.
Sardonyx and Peridot, with their moderate hardness, should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stones.
Spinel, being more durable, can withstand gentle ultrasonic cleaning. However, it is still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive materials.
All three gemstones should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. Regular cleaning will help maintain their brilliance and ensure they remain cherished possessions for years to come.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – Spinel, Peridot, and Sardonyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of birthstone traditions to the unique properties of each gem, these stones offer a rich tapestry of meaning and beauty. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their perceived metaphysical benefits, or simply as a connection to one’s birth month, these August birthstones continue to enchant and inspire.