Aquamarine, the captivating birthstone of March, evokes the tranquility and beauty of the ocean depths. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina” meaning “seawater,” aptly describes its serene hues, ranging from pale, almost colorless blues to a deeper, sky-blue reminiscent of tropical waters. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, aquamarine holds a rich history steeped in lore, symbolism, and a reputation for promoting well-being. This article delves into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and enduring allure of this cherished gemstone.
History and Lore
The history of aquamarine stretches back to ancient times, where its beauty and perceived powers were highly valued. Pliny the Elder, a Roman author, philosopher, and naval commander, noted the gem’s namesake, connecting its color to the green of the sea. In ancient times, aquamarine was held in esteem almost as highly as emeralds, making it a favored choice for engagement rings, symbolizing purity and enduring love. It was also considered a gift to newlyweds, believed to bring happiness, constancy in love, and protection from conflict within the marriage.
Ancient mariners held aquamarine in high regard, believing the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage across the seas. This belief stemmed from its association with Neptune, the Roman god of freshwater and the sea, and sailors often engraved the stone with Neptune’s trident for added protection against the perils of the ocean. Beyond seafaring, the gem was thought to offer protection to travelers and explorers from the dangers of the natural world.
Throughout history, aquamarine was also believed to bestow intellectual benefits. It was favored by students and those engaged in deep study, thought to stimulate intellect, intuition, and imagination. More broadly, the gem was believed to defeat fears and gain control over emotions, offering a sense of inner peace and clarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine belongs to the beryl family of minerals, a group that also includes the highly prized emerald. The formation of aquamarine requires specific geological conditions, typically occurring in pegmatites – igneous rocks formed during the final stages of magma cooling. These pegmatites provide the necessary elements, including beryllium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen, along with trace amounts of iron that contribute to its characteristic blue color.
The primary sources of aquamarine are found in several regions around the world. Brazil is renowned for its abundant production, having yielded the largest aquamarine ever discovered, a massive specimen weighing approximately 240 pounds and measuring 19 inches in length. Other significant mining locations include Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Angola, Nigeria, Mozambique, Pakistan, Tanzania, Russia, Zambia, and even parts of Colorado in the United States.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine exhibits a range of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and durability. Its color, the most defining characteristic, varies from a faint, light blue to a more intense, sky-blue hue. Lighter colors are more commonly available, while deeper shades are considered more valuable. The gem is typically clear and free from inclusions, resembling the purity of water.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) |
| Color | Light blue to deep sky blue |
| Clarity | Typically excellent, often eye-clean |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Refractive Index | 1.565 - 1.590 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.67 - 2.78 |
Aquamarine’s hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale makes it a relatively durable gemstone, suitable for a variety of jewelry applications. This hardness means it is resistant to scratching from everyday wear, but still requires careful handling to avoid damage. Its hexagonal crystal system contributes to its characteristic brilliance and clarity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, aquamarine has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. As its name suggests, the gem is strongly associated with the sea, representing tranquility, serenity, and emotional balance. It is believed to promote courage, dispel fear, and enhance communication.
In Sanskrit, ruby has several names, with ‘ratnaraj’ meaning ‘king of precious gemstones’ and ‘padmaraga’ meaning ‘red as a lotus’. Ruby was believed to reconcile disagreements between separated friends or lovers and strengthen ties between them. It was also regarded as a gem bringing health to the wearer and improving their mental state, offering safety and luck.
Aquamarine was also considered a birthstone with the power to influence one’s destiny. Wearing it was thought to defeat fears and gain control over emotions. It was a favorite gemstone for students or people in occupations requiring deep studying, believed to stimulate intellect, intuition, and imagination.
March Birthstones: A Broader Perspective
While aquamarine is the most commonly recognized March birthstone, it is not the only gem associated with this month. Alternative birthstones for March include bloodstone, ruby, emerald, and jade. Bloodstone, a dark-green cabochon with red spots of iron oxide, is believed to bring health and strength. Ruby is considered the guardian angel birthstone for those born in March, symbolizing passion and vitality. Emerald, one of the sacred gemstones of the Atlanteans, represents intelligence and wealth. Jade is associated with Capricorn, those born between January 1 and 20.
Aquamarine in Jewelry
Aquamarine’s beauty and durability make it a popular choice for a wide range of jewelry designs. Rings, in particular, are a common way to showcase the gem’s stunning color. Exquisite examples include rings featuring large aquamarine stones surrounded by diamonds, creating a captivating display of brilliance and color. Cocktail rings with substantial aquamarine focal points, often set in platinum or gold, are also highly sought after.
The gem’s versatility allows it to be incorporated into various jewelry styles, from vintage-inspired designs to modern, minimalist settings. The 11.48-carat blue aquamarine and diamond halo cocktail ring in platinum is a prime example of the gem’s potential for creating breathtaking jewelry. Another stunning piece is the antique green aquamarine and diamond cocktail ring, featuring a 34-carat green aquamarine surrounded by mine-cut diamonds.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone, but proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance and beauty. Due to its hardness, it is resistant to scratching from everyday wear. However, it is still susceptible to damage from sharp blows or extreme temperature changes.
Cleaning aquamarine jewelry is relatively simple. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are usually sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for cleaning aquamarine, but it is always best to consult with a professional jeweler if you have any concerns.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the March birthstone, is a gemstone of captivating beauty and rich history. From its ancient origins as a symbol of protection and good fortune to its modern-day appeal as a stunning piece of jewelry, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its serene hues, durable nature, and symbolic significance make it a cherished gem for those born in March and a timeless treasure for gemstone enthusiasts worldwide. Its association with the sea, intellect, and emotional balance ensures its enduring legacy as a gemstone of both beauty and meaning.