February is unique among the calendar months in possessing two officially recognized birthstones: amethyst and jasper. While amethyst enjoys greater prominence as the traditional February gem, jasper holds a significant place in the history and lore surrounding this winter month. Both gemstones offer a diverse range of colors and are believed to impart distinct qualities to those born under their influence. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of these fascinating February birthstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months and their corresponding astrological signs dates back to ancient times. The practice originated from the belief that wearing the appropriate stone during one’s birth month would bestow beneficial powers upon the wearer. This tradition evolved into the modern concept of birthstones, with amethyst and jasper becoming linked to February.
Amethyst’s history is particularly rich. Its name derives from the Greek word “amethystos,” meaning “not drunk,” stemming from the ancient belief that the stone could prevent intoxication. Ancient Greeks are credited with first encountering the gemstone, with Dionysus, the god of wine, playing a role in its early lore. The stone’s association with St. Valentine, the patron saint of romantic love, further cemented its connection to February, as he was reportedly seen wearing an amethyst ring carved with the image of Cupid. This association positioned amethyst as a symbol of pure love and devotion. Historically, amethyst was considered a cardinal gem, ranking alongside emeralds, diamonds, and rubies in terms of prestige and value.
Jasper’s history is equally intriguing, though less focused on preventing inebriation. The name “jasper” originates from the Old French word for “spotted” or “speckled stone,” a fitting description of its often multicolored and patterned appearance. Throughout history, jasper has been linked to various goddesses, including Callisto of Greek mythology, Chirakan-Ixmucane of the Mayan civilization, and Clota, a river goddess.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amethyst is a variety of quartz, a widely abundant mineral. Its purple hue arises from the presence of iron and manganese impurities within the crystal structure. The intensity of the color varies depending on the concentration of these elements. Amethyst forms in geodes and cavities within volcanic rocks.
Jasper, in contrast, is an opaque variety of chalcedony, itself a microcrystalline form of quartz. It is formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater in sedimentary and volcanic environments. The diverse colors and patterns of jasper are due to the presence of various mineral inclusions.
While specific mining locations for February birthstones are not extensively detailed in the provided sources, jasper is noted as being available “all over the world.” Amethyst sources are not explicitly mentioned, but the sources indicate that garnet, a January birthstone, is found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Brazil, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Rock Crystal, a clear quartz, is sourced from Japan, Madagascar, and Brazil.
Gemological Properties
Amethyst exhibits a hardness of 7 out of 10 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable and suitable for jewelry. It displays a range of purple shades, from light pinkish hues to deep violet tones, with the most valuable specimens possessing a deep purple color and red flashes.
Jasper, being a chalcedony, scores between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, indicating a slightly lower hardness than amethyst. It is characterized by its dense, opaque nature and comes in a wide spectrum of colors, including brown, red, yellow, green, and orange. Some jasper varieties, like “zebra jasper,” feature distinctive striped patterns.
A table summarizing the gemological properties is provided below:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amethyst | SiO₂ (Quartz with Fe & Mn) | 7 | Purple (various shades) | Transparent |
| Jasper | SiO₂ (Chalcedony) | 6.5-7 | Various (brown, red, yellow, green, orange) | Opaque |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Amethyst is widely recognized as a symbol of peace, focus, and courage. It is believed to represent purification, wisdom, balance, and tranquility. Its historical association with St. Valentine links it to themes of love and devotion.
Jasper is often referred to as the “nurturing stone,” believed to promote wholeness and tranquility. It is thought to instill strength, courage, and wisdom in its wearer. Different colors of jasper are associated with specific energies: yellow jasper brings enlightenment and clarity, scarlet jasper provides strength and vitality, and red jasper fosters energy and passion. Jasper is also considered a talisman against danger, a belief stemming from ancient seafaring traditions.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, amethyst is relatively resistant to scratching and abrasion. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these may damage the stone.
Jasper, with a slightly lower hardness of 6.5-7, requires gentle handling. It should be cleaned similarly to amethyst – with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid abrasive cleaners and prolonged exposure to harsh chemicals.
Additional February Birthstones
The sources indicate that February has a multitude of birthstones associated with it, including Ruby, Sapphire, Garnet, Moss Agate, Opal, Sugilite, Turquoise, Aquamarine, Jade, and Rock Crystal. Aquamarine, a type of beryl, is described as a talisman against danger and is believed to soothe and calm the wearer. Jade, available in various colors, signifies tranquility and wisdom. Rock Crystal, essentially clear quartz, can serve as a substitute for diamonds and possesses a hardness of 7 with no cleavage.
Conclusion
Amethyst and jasper, the dual birthstones of February, represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. Amethyst, with its regal purple hue and association with love and wisdom, has long been revered as a gemstone of distinction. Jasper, with its diverse colors and nurturing properties, offers a grounding and protective energy. Both stones, along with the other birthstones linked to February, provide a rich tapestry of options for those seeking to connect with the energy of this winter month. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their beauty but also in the centuries-old beliefs and traditions surrounding them.