Zircon is a gemstone with a rich history and a dazzling array of colors, serving as one of the birthstones for the month of December. Often mistaken for diamonds due to its brilliance, zircon possesses unique geological origins and a fascinating cultural significance. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating gem, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The name “zircon” originates from either the Persian word zargan, meaning “gold-colored,” or the Arabic word zarkun, translating to “cinnabar” or “vermilion.” Both derivations are fitting, as zircon occurs in a wide spectrum of hues, including yellow, red, orange, blue, green, brown, and even colorless varieties. Its use in jewelry dates back to the Victorian era, where it was favored by the elite.
Long before its popularity in Victorian jewelry, zircon held significance in ancient cultures. Scholars of the Middle Ages believed the stone could ward off evil and bestow wisdom upon its wearer. The deep red hues likely contributed to associations with blood, the life force, and concepts of courage and power. In Sanskrit, the word for ruby—a similarly colored gem—translates to “king of precious stones,” suggesting a shared reverence for red gemstones in ancient traditions.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is considered the oldest mineral on Earth, yet remains a staple in the jewelry industry. The gem forms in a variety of geological environments, resulting in deposits across several continents. Australia currently leads in zircon mining, but significant deposits are also found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Tanzania, Canada, and the United States.
The vibrant colors of zircon are a result of impurities within the stone’s chemical structure, a phenomenon similar to that observed in tourmaline. The royal blue variety of zircon is specifically recognized as an alternative December birthstone.
Gemological Properties
Zircon boasts a Mohs hardness of 7.5, making it a relatively durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Its chemical composition is not detailed in the provided sources, but the sources indicate it is a base mineral for other gems. Colorless zircons, in particular, exhibit exceptional brilliance and are often confused with diamonds.
A table summarizing zircon’s key properties, alongside other birthstones, is provided below:
| Birth Month | Birthstone(s) | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|---|
| January | Garnet | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| February | Amethyst | 7 |
| March | Aquamarine | 7.5 - 8.5 |
| April | Diamond | 10 |
| May | Emerald | 7.5 - 8 |
| June | Pearl | 2.5 - 4.5 |
| July | Ruby | 9 |
| August | Peridot | 6.5 - 7 |
| September | Sapphire | 9 |
| October | Opal | 5.5 - 6.5 |
| November | Topaz | 8 |
| December | Tanzanite | 6.5 - 7 |
| December | Turquoise | 5 - 6 |
| December | Zircon | 7.5 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, zircon has been attributed with various symbolic meanings throughout history. In the Middle Ages, it was believed to protect against evil and promote wisdom. More broadly, red gemstones like zircon and ruby were associated with vitality, courage, and power. The Hawaiian tradition links peridot—a similarly colored gem—to the tears of the volcano goddess Pele, suggesting a connection between green gemstones and the earth’s powerful forces. While specific metaphysical beliefs regarding zircon are not extensively detailed in the provided sources, the historical associations with protection and wisdom suggest a continued resonance in modern metaphysical practices.
Zodiac Associations
The provided sources also connect birthstones to zodiac signs, offering an alternative method for selecting a gemstone. According to this system, zircon is associated with Capricorn (December 22 - January 20) and is said to embody qualities such as independence, discipline, and responsibility. The chart details personality traits associated with each sign, providing a more personalized approach to birthstone selection.
Care and Cleaning
While zircon is relatively durable with a Mohs hardness of 7.5, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Jared, a jewelry retailer, offers a lifetime guarantee on diamonds and gemstones, including zircon, provided the piece undergoes six-month inspections by an authorized representative. This guarantee includes stone replacement if a stone chips, breaks, or is lost from its original setting. Regular professional inspections are therefore recommended to ensure the longevity of zircon jewelry.
Lab-Created and Simulated Alternatives
As natural gem deposits are depleted, lab-created alternatives have become increasingly common. These synthetic stones possess the same chemical composition as their natural counterparts but are produced through controlled laboratory processes involving heat, pressure, or irradiation. Lab-created zircons offer a more affordable and readily available option for consumers.
Simulated birthstones, while less expensive, are not chemically identical to natural gems. They serve as visual substitutes, providing the aesthetic appeal of zircon without the same material properties.
Jared’s Offerings and Guarantees
Jared The Galleria of Jewelry, founded in 1993, offers both online and retail shopping options for gemstones, including zircon. The company supports charitable organizations such as the American Diabetes Association, Jewelers for Children, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. In addition to a lifetime guarantee on diamonds and gemstones, Jared provides a diamond trade-in program, allowing customers to exchange diamonds for stones of equal or lesser value.
Conclusion
Zircon is a captivating gemstone with a long and storied history. From its ancient origins and symbolic associations to its unique geological formation and modern applications, zircon continues to fascinate gem enthusiasts and jewelry buyers alike. Its durability, brilliance, and range of colors make it a versatile and desirable gem, while the availability of lab-created alternatives ensures its accessibility for a wider audience. As a December birthstone, zircon offers a meaningful and beautiful connection to the month of celebration and renewal.