August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each of these gems carries its own distinct history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, offering a diverse palette of choices for those born under the summer sun. While peridot is often considered the primary August birthstone, spinel and sardonyx provide compelling alternatives, reflecting a rich tapestry of tradition and evolving gemological appreciation. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three captivating gemstones.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is layered, beginning with sardonyx as the original stone associated with the month. Its use dates back over 4,000 years, with mentions in the Bible as one of the foundation stones of Jerusalem and a component of the High Priest’s breastplate. This early association imbued sardonyx with connotations of strength and protection.
Peridot’s history is equally intriguing, often intertwined with misidentification. Throughout history, it was frequently confused with other green gems, such as emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, believed to be the source of “topaz,” actually yielded significant quantities of peridot. Some historians even suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, now confirmed as peridot.
Spinel’s story is one of recent recognition. For centuries, red spinel was mistaken for ruby, particularly in historical jewelry collections. It wasn’t until 2016 that spinel officially gained recognition as a modern August birthstone, acknowledging its unique qualities and distinct beauty. This belated acknowledgement reflects a growing appreciation for spinel’s vibrant colors and gemological properties.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these three birthstones occurs through vastly different geological processes. Peridot originates under extreme conditions, often found in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered in meteorites, offering a cosmic connection to this vibrant green gem.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of sard and onyx – two different forms of layered chalcedony. This banding creates the distinctive reddish-zebra-striped appearance characteristic of the stone. Deposits are found in India, Brazil, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. The most notable differences between strata are found in India.
Spinel’s formation is often associated with metamorphic rocks, forming alongside other gems in marble and granite. While specific mining locations aren’t detailed in the provided sources, the text indicates that spinel is becoming increasingly sought after by jewelers.
Gemological Properties
Each of these August birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. Peridot is the yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of the mineral olivine.
Sardonyx, with a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale, is composed of alternating layers of sard and onyx. Its defining characteristic is the striking banding of red and white.
While detailed gemological properties of spinel are not provided in the sources, it is noted as a vibrant gem available in shades of red, pink, and even cobalt blue. The sources highlight its increasing popularity as an alternative to ruby.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological data available from the sources:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olivine | Not specified | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Sardonyx | Chalcedony (Sard & Onyx) | 6.5 | Red and white banded |
| Spinel | Not specified | Not specified | Red, pink, cobalt blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Sardonyx, with its ancient roots, is associated with strength, protection, and courage.
Peridot, known as the “gem of the sun” in ancient times, is linked to light, abundance, and renewal. It is believed to offer protective energy.
Spinel, while a more recently recognized birthstone, is considered to empower those who wear it. The sources suggest that all three stones can bring health and wellbeing to the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
The sources provide limited information regarding the specific care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, given sardonyx’s hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale, it is likely susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Peridot and spinel, while their hardness isn’t specified, should also be protected from harsh impacts and abrasive materials. General gemstone cleaning practices – using warm, soapy water and a soft brush – are likely suitable for all three stones.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating convergence of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the recent recognition of spinel and the enduring allure of peridot, these gems offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the eighth month. Each stone carries its own unique story and energy, making them not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful symbols of strength, renewal, and empowerment. The availability of three birthstones for August truly makes it a fortunate month for gemstone enthusiasts.