December offers a unique selection of birthstones, but Tanzanite stands out as a relatively recent addition with a captivating history and remarkable properties. Discovered in the late 20th century near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, this gemstone quickly gained popularity for its exquisite blue-violet hues and intriguing pleochroism. Added to the birthstone list in 1952, Tanzanite is now celebrated as a symbol of wisdom, peace, and inner strength, making it a cherished choice for those born in December. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, symbolism, and care of this extraordinary gemstone.
History and Lore
While Turquoise and Blue Zircon have long-standing associations with December, Tanzanite’s story is comparatively recent. Its discovery in 1967 led to initial misidentification as blue sapphire, but it was soon recognized as a unique variety of the mineral zoisite. The gemstone was subsequently named “Tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin, Tanzania.
The Maasai people of Tanzania have a legend surrounding the stone’s origin, believing it was created when lightning struck the land near Mount Kilimanjaro, transforming the rocks into shimmering blue crystals. They traditionally gifted Tanzanite to new mothers, believing it would bring health, well-being, and prosperity to the child. This practice highlights the stone’s early association with positive energy and new beginnings.
The gem’s introduction to the market was largely spearheaded by Tiffany & Co., who recognized its potential and skillfully marketed it to a wider audience. The name “Tanzanite” was chosen to capitalize on its exotic origin and appeal to consumers seeking unique and beautiful gemstones. It was also designated as the stone for the 24th wedding anniversary, further cementing its place in celebratory traditions.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is exceptionally rare, found in a very limited geological setting – a small area of northern Tanzania, near the Mererani Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro. This restricted geographical origin contributes significantly to its value and desirability. The gemstone forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure.
The geological conditions necessary for Tanzanite formation are incredibly specific, making it unlikely to be found anywhere else in the world in commercially viable quantities. This rarity is often emphasized when discussing the gemstone, reinforcing its status as a precious and unique treasure. Currently, all commercially available Tanzanite originates from Tanzania.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a blue to violet variety of the mineral zoisite, with a chemical formula that is not provided in the sources. It exhibits a phenomenon called pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This can manifest as shades of blue, violet, and even red, adding to its visual complexity and appeal.
The sources indicate that Tanzanite is prone to scratching and is therefore best suited for use in earrings and pendants, where it is less likely to be subjected to abrasive wear. While a specific hardness value is not provided, the recommendation to avoid wear suggests a relative softness compared to harder gemstones like sapphire or ruby.
Many Tanzanite gemstones undergo heat treatment to enhance their blue hues and minimize any natural brown or yellowish tones. This is a common practice in the industry and is generally accepted, as it improves the gem’s overall appearance and marketability. The sources do not provide details on other gemological properties such as refractive index or specific gravity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is associated with a range of symbolic meanings, including wisdom, peace, inner strength, and spiritual awareness. It is believed to possess high-vibration healing energy and is often referred to as a “manifestation magnet,” aiding in the pursuit of goals and dreams.
The gemstone is also linked to intuition, psychic abilities, and raising consciousness, making it a popular choice among those interested in metaphysical practices. It is thought to help dissolve old patterns and habits, promoting transformation and new beginnings. Some historical beliefs suggest Tanzanite can strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells, skin, and hair, though these claims are not scientifically substantiated.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness, Tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to damage from sudden or extreme temperature changes, as well as harsh chemicals and cleaning methods. The sources recommend avoiding steam cleaners and ultrasonic cleaners.
The best way to clean Tanzanite jewelry is with a soft brush and warm, soapy water. After cleaning, it should be thoroughly rinsed and dried with a soft cloth to avoid scratching or damaging the gemstone. It is also advisable to store Tanzanite jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent abrasion.
Conclusion
Tanzanite is a captivating December birthstone, distinguished by its relatively recent discovery, limited geographical origin, and mesmerizing blue-violet hues. Its association with wisdom, peace, and spiritual awareness, combined with its unique pleochroism, makes it a highly sought-after gemstone for jewelry and collectors alike. While requiring careful handling due to its relative softness, Tanzanite remains a symbol of rarity, beauty, and positive energy, offering a meaningful connection to those born in the final month of the year.