December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, distinguished by having not one, but three associated gemstones: turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite. This selection offers a diverse range of colors and histories for those born in the final month of the year. The tradition of assigning multiple birthstones to December evolved over time, with earlier lists featuring different gems before settling on this trio. The month itself derives its name from the Latin decem, meaning “ten,” reflecting its original position as the tenth month in the Roman calendar. These gemstones are not merely beautiful adornments; they carry rich symbolism and historical significance, reflecting the season’s themes of change, camaraderie, and celebration.
A Shifting Historical Landscape
The assignment of birthstones has a long and evolving history. Early birthstone lists, inspired by Biblical texts, initially designated ruby as the stone for December. However, as time progressed and cultural influences shifted, the designated gemstones changed. By 1870, Tiffany & Co.’s “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” pamphlet listed turquoise as the birthstone for December. The National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) in 1912 recognized turquoise as the primary stone, with lapis lazuli as an alternative. Further revisions in 1952 added zircon to the list, and in 2002, tanzanite was officially included, creating the current selection of three. This evolution demonstrates that birthstone associations are not fixed but rather reflect changing tastes, discoveries, and cultural interpretations.
The Allure of Turquoise
Turquoise has the most consistent history as a December birthstone, appearing on birthstone lists for a significant period. This opaque gemstone has been cherished for centuries, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. From adorning pharaohs in ancient Egypt to being incorporated into ceremonial jewelry by Native American tribes, turquoise has held a prominent place in various cultures. Its striking color and perceived mystical properties contributed to its esteemed status. The stone is often associated with protection and good fortune.
Zircon: A Gem of Fire and History
Zircon, celebrated for its brilliant fire and diverse color range, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant geological and historical value. While often associated with the blue variety as a December birthstone, zircon actually occurs in a spectrum of colors, including red, yellow, and green. Its high refractive index contributes to its exceptional sparkle, often mistaken for a diamond. The name “zircon” is believed to originate from the Persian word zargun, meaning “gold-colored.”
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This gemstone is prized for its unique blue to violet color, a hue that is both captivating and rare. In fact, tanzanite is found in only one location worldwide, making it a particularly sought-after gem. Its limited source contributes to its value and exclusivity.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. While a comprehensive analysis requires detailed scientific data not provided in the sources, a basic overview can be constructed.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-green | Opaque, often with matrix (veins of other minerals) |
| Zircon | Blue, red, yellow, green | High refractive index, brilliance |
| Tanzanite | Blue-violet | Pleochroism (displays different colors from different angles) |
Further detailed analysis of hardness, specific gravity, and chemical composition would require additional data.
Symbolism and Cultural Significance
The December birthstones carry diverse symbolic meanings across different cultures. Turquoise has long been associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. It was believed to ward off negative energy and promote well-being. Zircon, with its fiery brilliance, was historically associated with prosperity and wisdom. Tanzanite, as a more recent discovery, has quickly gained recognition for its connection to transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. The choice of birthstone can therefore reflect personal beliefs and desired qualities.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Turquoise, being a relatively soft stone, requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Zircon, with its good hardness, is more durable but can still be scratched, so caution is advised. Tanzanite, while beautiful, is relatively fragile and susceptible to damage from heat and ultrasonic cleaners. All three gemstones benefit from regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water, followed by a soft cloth polish. Avoiding abrasive cleaners and harsh chemicals will help preserve their luster and color.
Market Value and Availability
The market value of December birthstones varies significantly depending on quality, size, and origin. Turquoise prices are influenced by the color, matrix, and source, with highly prized stones from certain regions commanding higher prices. Zircon is generally more affordable than turquoise or tanzanite, with prices varying based on color and clarity. Tanzanite, due to its rarity and demand, is typically the most expensive of the three, with larger, vividly colored stones fetching substantial prices. Availability also differs, with turquoise and zircon being relatively common, while tanzanite remains a limited-supply gemstone.
A Diverse Selection for Every Preference
December’s birthstones—turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, individuals can consider their aesthetic preferences, personal beliefs, and budget. The availability of multiple options allows for a personalized connection to the birthstone tradition.
Conclusion
The December birthstones represent a fascinating blend of ancient lore, geological wonder, and modern discovery. From the enduring appeal of turquoise to the fiery brilliance of zircon and the captivating hues of tanzanite, these gemstones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. Their unique histories, symbolic meanings, and gemological properties make them not only beautiful adornments but also tangible connections to the past and present. These stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality.