Spinel, a gemstone often historically mistaken for other varieties, possesses a rich and fascinating history, captivating symbolism, and notable gemological properties. While frequently confused with ruby – most famously exemplified by the “Black Prince’s Ruby” within the British Crown Jewels, which is, in fact, a large red spinel – this gemstone has a legacy of its own, adorning the crowns and jewelry of emperors and kings for centuries. Today, spinel is recognized for its vibrant colors, durability, and increasingly, its association with revitalization and hope. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, symbolism, and care of spinel, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is inextricably linked to its historical misidentification. For centuries, red spinels were often categorized as rubies, particularly before advancements in gemological testing allowed for accurate differentiation. This is vividly illustrated by the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a prominent component of the British Crown Jewels. Sources indicate that spinel has been found in Myanmar (Burma) and Sri Lanka, and has resided in the regalia of kingdoms throughout history.
Ancient cultures also attributed specific meanings to spinel. In traditional Indian astrology, spinel was considered the “daughter of ruby,” a testament to its similar appearance, yet distinct character. It was believed to bestow high energy and vitality upon its wearer, and was associated with love and hope. Sanskrit writings from centuries ago refer to spinel in this manner, highlighting its long-standing recognition as a gemstone of significance.
More recently, in modern gemology, spinel has come into its own, shedding the shadow of its ruby counterpart. It now symbolizes revitalization, offering a sense of refreshment and rejuvenation to those who wear it. This modern interpretation positions spinel as a stone of hope, aiding in overcoming stress and bolstering self-esteem.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel is a durable gemstone that forms in metamorphic rocks, often alongside other gems. While natural spinel is found in various locations, sources specifically mention Myanmar (Burma) and Sri Lanka as historically significant mining regions. Additional deposits are found in Brazil, Japan, Madagascar, Russia, Sweden, Australia, the United States (Maine, California, and New Mexico), and Tanzania.
Notably, lab-created spinel has been available since the 1920s, offering an alternative to natural stones. These lab-created gemstones possess the same optical, physical, and chemical properties as their natural counterparts, requiring a trained gemologist to distinguish between the two. The creation of lab-grown spinel occurs through two primary methods: a rapid synthetic process taking only a few hours, or a more extended crystallization process lasting between 10 and 14 months.
Gemological Properties
Spinel exhibits a range of desirable gemological properties. It ranks 8 on the Mohs Scale of Hardness, indicating excellent durability and resistance to scratching, making it suitable for everyday wear. This hardness makes it a practical choice for jewelry, less susceptible to damage than softer gemstones.
The gemstone is known for its variety of colors, including oranges, pinks, blues, lavenders, mauves, and vivid reds. Lab-created spinel is also available in aqua hues. The color range contributes to its appeal and versatility in jewelry design.
Aventurine, while mentioned in the sources, is a different gemstone, a translucent quartz with metallic inclusions, ranking 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs Scale. This highlights the importance of accurate identification, as different gemstones possess distinct properties.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with spinel has evolved over time. Historically, its connection to ruby in Indian astrology imbued it with associations of vitality and love. More recently, it has become recognized as a stone of revitalization, offering a sense of renewal and hope. This modern interpretation suggests that spinel can aid in overcoming stress and improving self-esteem.
The sources also mention other gemstones and their associated symbolism. Peridot, for example, is linked to humility, purity, and morality in Christian tradition, and in Hawaiian folklore, symbolizes the tears of Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. Garnet, with roots tracing back to ancient Egypt, was believed to illuminate the night sky and was used by Noah as a lamp. These examples demonstrate the rich tapestry of beliefs surrounding gemstones across different cultures and eras.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of spinel jewelry. While a durable gemstone, it is advisable to remove all gemstone jewelry before engaging in vigorous physical activity to prevent loss or damage.
Generally, most gemstones can be cleaned using a soft brush and a mild solution of lukewarm, soapy water. However, specific considerations apply to certain gemstones. For example, lepidolite, a mica mineral, is wax or polymer stabilized and should be protected from harsh chemicals, high temperatures, and strong pressure. Layered gemstones, such as doublets and triplets (created by layering different stones, often with mother-of-pearl), require particularly gentle care, avoiding chemicals, cosmetics, ultrasonic cleaners, water, soap, steam, and extreme humidity. Cleaning these stones with a soft cloth and a specialized gem and pearl cleaner is recommended.
The sources emphasize the importance of using jewelry cleaners specifically formulated for delicate gems and pearls, and caution against harsh chemical dips. Many gemstones are sensitive to heat and direct sunlight. While some can withstand ultrasonic or steam cleaning, it is crucial to exercise caution and consult specific care guidelines for each gemstone.
Layered Gemstones and Lab-Created Varieties
The sources also discuss layered gemstones, such as doublets and triplets, which add depth and dimension to jewelry designs. These are created by layering different stones, often incorporating mother-of-pearl. The sources highlight the unique care required for these layered constructions, emphasizing the avoidance of harsh cleaning methods.
Furthermore, the availability of lab-created gemstones is noted. These gemstones, possessing identical properties to their natural counterparts, offer an alternative for consumers. The sources clarify that only a trained gemologist can reliably distinguish between natural and lab-created spinel.
Conclusion
Spinel, a gemstone with a history often overshadowed by its resemblance to ruby, has emerged as a significant gem in its own right. From its ancient associations with vitality and love to its modern symbolism of revitalization and hope, spinel continues to captivate and inspire. Its durability, vibrant colors, and increasing recognition within the gemological community make it a desirable choice for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors alike. Understanding its geological origins, gemological properties, and proper care ensures that this beautiful gemstone can be enjoyed for generations to come.