Spinel, often historically confused with ruby, is a captivating gemstone with a rich history and a growing appreciation in modern gemology. Recognized as an August birthstone, and also serving as the March birthstone in lab-created form, spinel offers a vibrant spectrum of colors and a unique symbolism of revitalization and hope. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and significance of spinel, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
For centuries, spinel was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, particularly those found in historical deposits alongside these more well-known gemstones. In fact, many famous “rubies” in historical collections, including those adorning the British Crown Jewels, are, upon modern examination, actually spinels. Sanskrit writings refer to spinel as the “daughter of ruby,” acknowledging its resemblance while recognizing its distinct character. This historical association with ruby contributed to spinel’s early prestige and desirability.
The gemstone’s history extends back to ancient times, with deposits in Myanmar (Burma) and Sri Lanka being particularly significant sources. Spinel has graced the regalia of kingdoms throughout history, demonstrating its enduring appeal to royalty and those seeking beautiful, durable gemstones. While its identity was often obscured by misidentification, spinel’s presence in historical artifacts confirms its long-standing value. The development of lab-created spinel in the 1920s provided a more accessible option for enjoying the gemstone’s beauty.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks, often alongside other gemstones like ruby and sapphire. It is found in a variety of geological settings, including marble and schists. The sources for natural spinel are diverse, with significant deposits located in Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Brazil, and other regions.
Lab-created spinel, a readily available alternative, has been produced since the 1920s, offering a consistent and affordable option for jewelry. The color of natural spinel can vary depending on its origin, with a wide range of hues including oranges, pinks, blues, lavenders, mauves, and vivid reds.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a durable gemstone, ranking 8 on the Mohs Scale of Hardness. This makes it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications, including rings, pendants, and earrings, as it is resistant to scratching and abrasion. It is a durable gemstone, making it suitable for everyday wear.
The gemstone’s chemical composition is magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl2O4), though it can contain trace elements that contribute to its diverse color range. Transparent stones provide excellent clarity for faceted cuts, showcasing the gemstone’s brilliance. Some spinel varieties may be permeated with quartz.
Lab-created aqua spinel, specifically, is highlighted as a March birthstone option, offering a vibrant blue hue. While some gemstones, like apatite and amethyst, require careful handling to avoid damage from heat or chemicals, spinel is generally more robust. However, wax or polymer stabilization is sometimes used to enhance the finish of certain spinel varieties, such as aventurine, and these stabilized stones may require more gentle care.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Mohs Hardness | Notable Colors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | 8 | Orange, Pink, Blue, Lavender, Mauve, Red |
| Aventurine Spinel | (with inclusions) | 6.5-7 | Green, Orange, Brown, Yellow, Blue, Gray |
| Aqua Spinel | (Lab-Created) | 8 | Blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
In modern gemology, spinel is associated with revitalization and is believed to refresh and rejuvenate the wearer. It is often considered a stone of hope, helping individuals overcome stress and improve self-esteem. This symbolism adds another layer of appeal to the gemstone, making it a meaningful choice for those seeking positive energy and emotional well-being.
Care and Cleaning
Spinel is a relatively durable gemstone, but proper care is essential to maintain its beauty. While generally robust, stabilized varieties, like aventurine, require more delicate handling. It is advisable to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme or prolonged heat for all spinel varieties. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is recommended.
Other Gemstones Mentioned
While the primary focus is on spinel, the provided sources also offer information on other gemstones sold by James Avery Artisan Jewelry. These include:
- Garnet: A January birthstone with roots tracing back to ancient Egypt, known for its red-violet to red-brown hues and a Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5.
- Amethyst: A February birthstone prized for its purple shades, ranging from pale lilac to deep purple, with a Mohs hardness of 7.
- Aqua Spinel: A lab-created March birthstone offering a vibrant blue color.
- Lepidolite: A mica mineral ranging from deep purple to pale pink, with a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 4.
- Mother-of-Pearl: An organic gemstone created by mollusks, known for its iridescent quality and a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 4.5.
- Onyx: Formed by color-enhancing chalcedony, typically black, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.
- Aventurine: A translucent quartz gemstone with metallic inclusions, available in various colors, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.
- Blue Topaz: A December birthstone, known for its blue hue.
These gemstones, while distinct in their properties and symbolism, all contribute to the diverse world of gemstones and offer unique options for jewelry enthusiasts.
Conclusion
Spinel, the “daughter of ruby,” is a gemstone with a captivating history, a vibrant color range, and a growing recognition for its beauty and durability. From its historical misidentification with more famous gemstones to its modern symbolism of revitalization and hope, spinel continues to enchant and inspire. Its ranking of 8 on the Mohs scale ensures its suitability for a wide range of jewelry designs, making it a cherished choice for both collectors and everyday wearers. Whether natural or lab-created, spinel offers a unique and meaningful addition to any gemstone collection.