For centuries, spinel has been a gemstone of distinction, often mistaken for its more famous counterparts. Recently recognized as a modern birthstone for August, alongside peridot and sardonyx, spinel boasts a rich history, captivating colors, and remarkable durability. This article delves into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and modern appreciation of this often-overlooked gem.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is one of mistaken identity. For centuries, vibrant red spinels were misidentified as rubies, adorning the crowns and jewels of royalty without their true nature being known. The American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) officially designated spinel as an August birthstone, a decision made in response to requests from gem enthusiasts seeking an expanded birthstone list. This recognition acknowledges spinel’s historical importance and its inherent beauty.
One of the most famous examples of this historical misidentification is the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a 170-carat spinel that has been part of the British Imperial State Crown since 1367. Originally owned by Moorish and Spanish kings, the stone was believed to be a ruby until the 18th century, when scientific advancements revealed its distinct chemical composition. This illustrates how easily spinel could masquerade as ruby, due to their similar appearance.
The name “spinel” itself originates from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, referencing the crystal shape of the mineral. Ancient civilizations valued red spinels for their perceived healing properties, believing they could remedy blood loss and inflammatory diseases, and promote harmony. Traditionally, spinel is also the gemstone gifted to celebrate a 22nd wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel is composed of magnesium aluminum oxide, differing chemically from ruby and sapphire, which are aluminum oxide. Both gemstones can achieve red hues through chromium impurities, contributing to the historical confusion. Spinel is found in various geological environments, including volcanic lava and even within meteorites, though meteorite-sourced stones are typically too small for jewelry use. Larger, gem-quality spinels are typically found in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity.
Currently, major sources of spinel include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Tanzanian mines, discovered in 2007, have yielded spinels in captivating pinkish and orangy-red hues, as well as purple and blue varieties. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing spinels with intense, vibrant colors, including hot pink and red.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a durable gemstone, registering an 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness. This makes it suitable for use in all types of jewelry, including rings intended for everyday wear. While generally robust, the presence of fractures within a spinel can pose a problem, and caution should be exercised when cleaning.
The gemstone exhibits a wide range of colors, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. This variety contributes to its increasing popularity as an alternative to ruby and sapphire. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but prolonged exposure to high heat can cause some colors to fade.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | MgAl₂O₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8 |
| Color | Red, pink, orange, purple, blue, green |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
| Crystal System | Cubic |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Historically, red spinels were believed to offer protection from harm and to promote vitality. While specific metaphysical beliefs vary, spinel is often associated with revitalization, hope, and the encouragement of passion. The gemstone is thought to help overcome challenges and inspire positive change. The rich colors of spinel are also believed to resonate with different chakras, promoting emotional balance and spiritual growth.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the brilliance of spinel jewelry is relatively straightforward. The gemstone can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gentle ultrasonic cleaning is also acceptable. However, it’s crucial to avoid harsh chemicals or direct heat, as these can potentially alter the color of treated spinels. To prevent scratches, spinel jewelry should be stored separately from harder gemstones like diamonds and sapphires. Regular checks of prongs and settings are recommended, particularly for rings and frequently worn pieces.
Combining August Birthstones
For those drawn to the variety of August birthstones, combining peridot, sardonyx, and spinel in a single piece of jewelry can create a unique and striking aesthetic. A pendant featuring all three stones can symbolize a connection to the multifaceted nature of August, while a bracelet or ring incorporating these gems can serve as a powerful talisman representing the wearer’s strengths and passions.
Conclusion
Spinel, once a “great impostor” in the world of gemstones, has rightfully earned its place as a celebrated August birthstone. Its rich history, diverse colors, and durable nature make it a compelling choice for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors alike. From adorning royal crowns to captivating modern designs, spinel continues to enchant with its brilliance and enduring appeal. The recent recognition of spinel as a birthstone has brought renewed attention to this remarkable gem, ensuring its legacy will continue for generations to come.