Pink tourmaline has emerged as the prominent modern birthstone for October, captivating jewelry enthusiasts with its diverse range of pink hues and fascinating history. While opal holds a traditional association with the month, pink tourmaline’s increasing popularity and unique qualities have solidified its place as a celebrated gemstone. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this beautiful October birthstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of tourmaline is rooted in ancient origins, with the name itself derived from the Sinhalese word turamali, meaning “stone of mixed color.” This etymology hints at the gem’s most defining characteristic: its remarkable pleochroism and capacity to exhibit multiple colors within a single crystal. The name evolved as it traveled west, becoming opalu in Ancient Rome.
While tourmaline has been known for centuries, its rise to prominence as a birthstone is relatively recent. In the late 19th century, Chinese Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi developed a particular fondness for pink tourmaline, acquiring nearly the entire production from California mines. Her devotion continued even after her death, as she was buried with a pink tourmaline pillow, and the remainder of her collection was crafted into intricate carvings.
Historically, tourmaline was often mistaken for other gemstones due to its wide spectrum of colors. A notable example is the “Caesar’s Ruby,” a red tourmaline (rubellite) that was, for a time, believed to be a ruby and featured in the Russian crown jewels. Similarly, green tourmaline was often confused with emeralds by Spanish conquistadors in Brazil during the 1500s. It wasn’t until the 19th century that scientists definitively recognized tourmaline as a distinct mineral species.
Geological Formation and Sources
Pink tourmaline, like other varieties, forms in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. These crystals exhibit remarkable beauty when exposed to light. The gem occurs naturally and contains a diverse variety of elements that contribute to its coloration. Most tourmalines found in jewelry consist primarily of the mineral elbaite.
Several locations around the world are known for producing fine quality pink tourmaline. Brazil is a significant source, alongside Nigeria, Mozambique, and various regions of West Africa. The gem is also mined in Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, and Namibia.
Gemological Properties
Pink tourmaline displays a striking pink hue with numerous variations throughout the color spectrum. Some crystals even exhibit multiple colors, known as watermelon tourmaline, a particularly sought-after variety. Tourmaline with more raspberry or purple tones is classified as rubellite.
On the Mohs hardness scale, pink tourmaline measures between 7 and 7.5, making it quite durable for everyday wear. While suitable for regular use in jewelry, excessive heat can damage the stone. Cleaning pink tourmaline is straightforward; simple soap and water are sufficient to maintain its shine, and harsh chemicals should be avoided.
The composition of tourmaline is complex, but it is a cyclosilicate mineral. The name "tourmaline" originates from the Sinhalese word toramalli, which means “stone with mixed colors.”
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, tourmaline has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. In ancient gem healing practices, paraiba tourmaline (a vibrant blue-green variety) was regarded as a special spiritual gemstone believed to bring positivity, peace, and a feeling of fulfillment. Some believe the blue-colored stone holds strong healing powers and protects the wearer from diseases.
Pink tourmaline, specifically, is often associated with friendship, compassion, self-love, and transformation. It is believed to promote feelings of self-love and balance emotional health, releasing emotional blockages and balancing chakras. Opal, the traditional October birthstone, is said to magnify emotions, allowing hidden feelings to surface and heal, and to boost creativity.
Pink Tourmaline vs. Pink Sapphire
Pink gemstones are highly valued in the jewelry industry, and pink sapphire and pink tourmaline are often compared. While both possess beauty and appeal, they have distinct properties. Pink sapphires, the birthstone for September, symbolize good fortune, power, and love, and are exceptionally tough, registering a 9 on the Mohs scale. They are also among the rarest and most expensive sapphires. Pink tourmaline, while durable at 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale, is more readily available and generally more affordable.
Opal: The Traditional October Birthstone
Opal, with its milky white base and rainbow flashes, has long been associated with October. Its composition is hydrated silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), and it forms as silica-rich water seeps into voids and solidifies over millennia. Major sources of opal include Australia (Lightning Ridge, Coober Pedy), Ethiopia (Welo), Mexico (Querétaro fire opal), and Brazil.
Historically, Romans prized “opalus” as a symbol of hope and purity, often gifting it to October-born Libra diplomats. Medieval Europeans referred to it as “ophthalmios” or eye-stone, believing it sharpened vision. By the 19th century, Queen Victoria’s fondness for Australian opals cemented the gem’s association with October weddings and autumn celebrations.
Care and Cleaning
Pink tourmaline, with a Mohs hardness of 7-7.5, requires careful handling to maintain its brilliance. Avoid exposing the gemstone to excessive heat, as this can cause damage. Cleaning is simple: use warm, soapy water and a soft brush to remove dirt and grime. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can potentially harm the stone. Opal, being softer at 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale, is even more susceptible to scratching and requires gentler cleaning methods.
Conclusion
Pink tourmaline has rightfully earned its place as a celebrated October birthstone. Its captivating range of pink hues, fascinating history, and symbolic associations make it a desirable gemstone for jewelry and a meaningful gift for those born in October. While opal remains a traditional choice, the increasing popularity and unique qualities of pink tourmaline ensure its continued prominence in the world of gemstones. The gem’s durability, relative affordability compared to some other pink gemstones, and the diverse range of shades available contribute to its enduring appeal.