Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds a prominent place as one of the recognized birthstones for August. Often referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its distinctive sparkle even in low light, peridot boasts a history steeped in lore and a geological origin as fascinating as its appearance. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating gem, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia. Ancient civilizations valued this gem, and its story is interwoven with tales of royalty, religious significance, and protective powers. The name “peridot” originates from the Arabic word faridat, meaning “gem.” As early as the second century BCE, peridot was utilized in priestly jewelry, and later adorned chalices and churches throughout medieval Europe.
Historically, peridot was often mistaken for other gemstones, notably emerald and topaz. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was actually a significant source of peridot. Some historians even speculate that the famed emerald collection of Cleopatra may have largely consisted of peridot.
The gem has long been considered a protective talisman, believed to ward off evil spirits and “terrors of the night.” This belief contributed to its use in religious artifacts and personal adornment for centuries. Peridot is also traditionally given as a gift to celebrate a 16th wedding anniversary, signifying a lasting bond and continued prosperity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot’s formation is unique, occurring under extreme conditions. It is primarily found in volcanic rock, specifically in the hardened lava that brought it from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Remarkably, peridot has also been discovered within meteorites, offering a cosmic connection to this terrestrial gem.
While peridot can be found in various locations worldwide, certain sources are particularly renowned for their quality. Egypt, historically, was a primary source, with mining potentially beginning as early as 340–279 BCE on the island of Zabargad, which was known by ominous names like the Island of Death and Ophiodes due to its harsh conditions.
Today, significant peridot deposits are found in China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States. The Vietnamese peridot, discovered in the 1990s, is prized for its varied shades of green, while Burmese peridot is celebrated for its large cuts and rich color. Hawaii also offers a unique source – Peridot Beach, where the sands shimmer with a luminous green hue. The Egyptian peridot remains highly desirable, with fine specimens displayed in prestigious museums globally.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, indicating it is composed primarily of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The amount of iron present directly influences the gem’s color and luster. Peridot typically exhibits a natural light green to yellowish-green hue, though brown varieties also exist. The intensity of the color is directly related to the iron content; more iron results in a more distinct and valuable gem.
While often compared to emerald, peridot possesses distinct characteristics. It has a crystal-like appearance, differing from the more stone-like appearance of sardonyx. Spinel, another August birthstone, is harder than peridot, scoring an 8 out of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale, while peridot’s hardness is not explicitly stated in the provided sources.
The gem’s ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light contributes to its nickname, “evening emerald.” This characteristic, combined with its unique color, sets it apart from other green gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with positive attributes and metaphysical properties. Its bright green color is often linked to good health, peace, and harmony. It is popularly known as the “gem of compassion,” believed to bring renewal to all things.
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot is thought to possess calming properties, helping to soothe anger and promote restful sleep. Some believe it can even alleviate depression. In Hawaiian culture, peridot is considered the tears of Pele, the volcanic goddess, further emphasizing its connection to powerful natural forces.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific details on peridot’s care and cleaning. However, given its composition and relative hardness (compared to spinel), gentle care is advisable.
Conclusion
Peridot stands as a captivating birthstone with a rich history, unique geological origins, and enduring symbolism. From its ancient use in priestly jewelry and royal collections to its modern appeal as a vibrant gemstone, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its association with compassion, peace, and good health, combined with its distinctive sparkle, makes it a cherished gem for those born in August and a captivating addition to any gemstone collection.