June boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is represented by not one, but three birthstones: pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite. While pearl is considered the traditional June birthstone, alexandrite has emerged as a modern favorite, celebrated for its remarkable color-changing abilities. This article will delve into the history, gemological properties, symbolism, and sources of both alexandrite and pearl, exploring what makes these gemstones so cherished.
A History of June’s Gemstones
Pearls hold a long and storied history, treasured by cultures across the globe for millennia. As the primary traditional birthstone for June, pearls have been associated with water and the moon due to their origins and lustrous appearance. Cultures throughout history have attributed special powers and benefits to pearls, recognizing their unique creation by living creatures.
Alexandrite, in contrast, has a relatively recent history as a recognized gemstone. Discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1834, it is said to have been named after Prince Alexander II, the future Tsar of Russia, as the gem was found on his birthday. The original Russian supply of alexandrite has since been exhausted, adding to its rarity and mystique.
Alexandrite: A Gem of Duality
Alexandrite is a form of the mineral chrysoberyl, renowned for its dramatic color change. This phenomenon, known as the alexandrite effect, is caused by the presence of chromium impurities within the gemstone’s crystal structure. In daylight or fluorescent light, alexandrite typically appears greenish-blue. However, under incandescent light, such as candlelight, it transforms into a purplish-red hue. The more distinct and complete this color change, the more valuable the stone.
Alexandrite possesses a vitreous luster and can be found in both transparent and opaque forms. Its hardness registers at 8.5 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry settings. While the original source in Russia is depleted, alexandrite is now mined in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Madagascar. A one-carat alexandrite can range in price from $500 to $20,000, with larger, high-quality specimens exceeding $100,000 per carat.
Pearl: A Gift from the Sea
Pearls are unique among gemstones as they are the only ones formed within a living creature – mollusks such as oysters and clams. Natural pearls form when an irritant, like a grain of sand, enters the mollusk’s shell. As a defense mechanism, the mollusk secretes layers of nacre, a substance composed of calcium carbonate, around the irritant, gradually creating a pearl.
Today, most pearls available on the market are cultured pearls, created through a similar process but initiated by human intervention. Pearls are relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness ranging from 2.5 to 4.5, requiring gentle care to maintain their luster and beauty. They come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors, with white and cream being the most common.
Gemological Properties Compared
The contrasting gemological properties of alexandrite and pearl highlight their distinct origins and compositions.
| Property | Alexandrite | Pearl |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Chrysoberyl | Calcium Carbonate |
| Origin | Mineral (Earth) | Organic (Living) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 | 2.5 - 4.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Nacreous |
| Color Change | Yes | No |
| Transparency | Transparent/Opaque | Translucent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both alexandrite and pearl have accumulated rich symbolism throughout history. Alexandrite, with its dual nature, is often associated with balance, duality, and good fortune. In Vedic and Zodiac astrology, it is believed to promote harmony and positive energy. It is also linked to the Lovers card in the Tarot, representing relationships and choices.
Pearls, historically associated with water and the moon, symbolize purity, innocence, and wisdom. Many cultures believed pearls possessed protective powers and were linked to fertility and prosperity. Their unique origin from living creatures further adds to their mystique and symbolic significance.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, alexandrite and pearl require different care routines. Alexandrite, with its 8.5 Mohs hardness, is relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. However, it is still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Pearls, being much softer, are susceptible to scratches and damage. They should be handled with care and stored separately from harder gemstones. Avoid exposure to chemicals, perfumes, and cosmetics. Cleaning pearls involves gently wiping them with a soft, damp cloth. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the nacre.
June Birthstones in Jewelry
Both alexandrite and pearl are popular choices for June birthstone jewelry. Alexandrite’s striking color change makes it a captivating centerpiece for rings, pendants, and earrings. Its rarity and value often position it as a gemstone for special occasion pieces.
Pearls, with their classic elegance, are versatile and can be incorporated into a wide range of jewelry designs, from traditional strands and earrings to modern pendants and bracelets. Their soft luster and timeless appeal make them a cherished addition to any jewelry collection.
Conclusion
The June birthstones, alexandrite and pearl, represent a fascinating duality. Alexandrite, a relatively recent discovery, captivates with its color-changing magic and durability. Pearl, a timeless classic, embodies purity and grace with its organic origins and lustrous beauty. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, symbolic meaning, or as a personal connection to the month of June, these gemstones continue to be treasured by enthusiasts and collectors alike.