Lapis lazuli, alongside blue sapphire, holds the distinction of being a birthstone for September. Revered for its intense, celestial blue hue, often speckled with glittering pyrite inclusions, this gemstone boasts a history stretching back millennia. It is associated with wisdom, truth, and inner vision, and continues to be a significant stone in both jewelry and spiritual practices. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, symbolism, and modern uses of lapis lazuli, drawing upon historical accounts and gemological understanding.
History and Lore
Lapis lazuli is one of the oldest gemstones known to humankind, with evidence of its use dating back over 6,000 years. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Greeks, prized this stone for its vibrant color and perceived magical properties. In ancient Egypt, judges wore amulets crafted from lapis lazuli, believing it to be a symbol of veracity. Egyptians also theorized that the sun god, Re, was composed of this stone. The gemstone was also highly valued in Mesopotamia, adorning royal tombs and religious artifacts.
The name “lapis lazuli” itself is derived from the Latin “lapis” meaning “stone” and “azul” or “lazhuward,” both signifying “blue.” Historically, the stone was also referred to as “Lajevard,” originating from the area where it was first discovered, a name literally translating to “heaven” or “sky.” This association with the heavens led to its designation as the “Stone of the Gods” and the “Stone of Heaven.”
Notably, some biblical scholars suggest that references to “sapphire” in the Bible may, in fact, refer to lapis lazuli, as true sapphires were not widely known during those periods. The stone’s use extended into medieval Europe, where it was ground into a powder to create ultramarine pigment – a highly prized blue color used extensively in religious paintings and illuminated manuscripts. Even Pharaoh Tutankhamun’s sarcophagus was adorned with this captivating gemstone, demonstrating its enduring association with royalty and the afterlife.
Zodiacal Associations and Modern Symbolism
Lapis lazuli is connected to two zodiac signs that fall within September: Virgo and Libra. For Virgos, the stone is believed to encourage clarity, communication, and self-reflection, enhancing their natural wisdom and easing perfectionist tendencies. Libras, known for their diplomatic nature, find that lapis lazuli promotes harmony, honesty, and balance in relationships, guiding them toward deeper authenticity.
Beyond its zodiacal connections, lapis lazuli continues to be associated with a range of positive attributes. It is believed to promote clarity of thought, enhance communication, and bring forth inner peace. Modern interpretations often link the stone to creativity, encouraging a natural flow of ideas and energies, making it a favored stone among writers and artists. It is also considered a stone of confidence and style, and is traditionally gifted on the 9th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
The mesmerizing array of colors within lapis lazuli is a result of trace elements present in the stone. The deep blue color is primarily imparted by lazurite, a sodium calcium aluminosilicate sulfate mineral. Golden flecks are created by inclusions of pyrite, while white streaks can be attributed to calcite. Variations in blue shades are also influenced by the presence of sodalite and hauyne.
The most significant source of lapis lazuli has historically been the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan, where the stone has been mined for over 6,000 years. The area was originally known as “Lajevard,” giving the stone one of its historical names. Other sources include Russia, Chile, Italy, and the United States, though the quality and intensity of the blue color often differ between these locations.
Gemological Properties
While not typically evaluated using the same “4Cs” as diamonds, lapis lazuli possesses distinct gemological characteristics. Its color is the most important factor, with the most desirable pieces exhibiting a deep, intense blue. The presence of pyrite inclusions is often considered attractive, adding to the stone’s visual appeal, though excessive pyrite can detract from the overall value.
Lapis lazuli is an opaque gemstone, meaning light does not pass through it. It is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it susceptible to scratches and requiring careful handling. Its chemical composition is complex, being a mixture of minerals rather than a single crystalline structure.
Here's a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Color | Deep blue, often with pyrite inclusions |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5 - 6 |
| Transparency | Opaque |
| Composition | Lazurite, Pyrite, Calcite, Sodalite, Hauyne |
| Luster | Dull to vitreous |
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness, lapis lazuli requires gentle care. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and should be stored separately from diamonds and other abrasive gemstones. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and lukewarm water. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to sunlight, as these can fade the color. Polishing with a soft cloth can help restore its luster.
Lapis Lazuli in Jewelry
While not possessing the brilliant sparkle of some gemstones, lapis lazuli’s unique royal blue color and shimmering pyrite inclusions make it a striking choice for jewelry. It is often set in sterling silver, which complements its color beautifully. Lapis lazuli is crafted into a variety of jewelry pieces, including pendants, rings, earrings, and bracelets. The British tradition of designating lapis lazuli as a September birthstone alongside sapphire has increased its popularity as an alternative to the more expensive sapphire.
Conclusion
Lapis lazuli stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones throughout history. From its ancient origins in the tombs of pharaohs to its modern-day symbolism of wisdom and creativity, this celestial blue stone continues to captivate and inspire. As a September birthstone, it offers a meaningful and beautiful connection to the month’s energy, representing truth, serenity, and inner power. Its rich history, unique geological composition, and enduring symbolism ensure that lapis lazuli will remain a cherished gemstone for generations to come.