Blue zircon holds a distinguished place among December birthstones, boasting a history that extends further back than its more contemporary counterparts, Tanzanite and Blue Topaz. While December offers a choice of four gemstones – Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, and Turquoise – zircon is recognized as the oldest gemstone traditionally associated with those born in this month. Revered for its brilliance and captivating blue hues, it has long been a symbol of luxury and prestige, even serving as a favored diamond substitute in centuries past.
History and Lore
The story of zircon is a journey through time and across continents. Its origins are traced to the Middle East, from where it traveled to Asia and eventually gained prominence in Victorian Europe. This gemstone’s appeal isn’t a recent phenomenon; its use in jewelry and ornamentation dates back centuries. The modern association with December, however, is a more recent development, solidifying its position as a significant birthstone.
Historically, zircon was highly valued for its ability to mimic the appearance of diamonds. Before the widespread availability and affordability of diamonds, blue zircon, in particular, was a popular choice for those seeking a sparkling, colorless stone. Its dazzling appearance made it a favored gem among royalty and the elite. The gem’s enduring appeal is reflected in its continued use in contemporary jewelry, from promise rings to elaborate necklaces.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is a natural gemstone formed in a variety of geological environments. Significant deposits are found in several locations around the globe, each contributing unique qualities to the gem. Cambodia, specifically the Ratanakiri Province, is noted as a source of zircon. Sri Lanka is also a prolific producer, yielding a diverse range of zircon varieties. Vietnam is recognized for its high-quality blue zircon, while Australia, particularly the Northern Territory, contains zircon-rich deposits. Historically, Myanmar (Burma) was also a significant source of this gemstone.
The United States also has some zircon mining activity, with deposits found in Utah and Texas. The gem’s formation often occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks, requiring specific geological conditions for its crystallization.
Gemological Properties
Blue zircon is distinguished by its exceptional optical properties. It typically displays a light to medium blue color, often with flashes of teal and seafoam. What truly sets zircon apart is its double refraction – a phenomenon where light entering the stone is split into two beams. This unique characteristic gives zircon a fiery sparkle that rivals, and sometimes surpasses, that of a diamond.
The gem’s brilliance is further enhanced by its high refractive index. On the Mohs hardness scale, zircon measures between 6.5 and 7.5, making it reasonably durable for jewelry use, though not as hard as a diamond. It also possesses perfect cleavage, meaning it can chip or fracture if subjected to a sharp blow. This characteristic makes zircon best suited for pendants and earrings, where it is less likely to be impacted.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Refraction | Double |
| Color | Light to Medium Blue |
| Cleavage | Perfect |
Distinguishing Zircon from Cubic Zirconia
It is crucial to differentiate between natural blue zircon and cubic zirconia. Despite the similar-sounding names, they are fundamentally different materials. Cubic zirconia is a man-made diamond simulant, created in a laboratory, while blue zircon is a naturally occurring gemstone. Zircon is considerably rarer and, therefore, more valuable than its synthetic counterpart. While cubic zirconia offers a similar appearance at a lower cost, it lacks the unique optical properties and historical significance of natural zircon.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
December birthstones, including blue zircon, are believed to possess metaphysical properties. Blue zircon is often associated with honesty, openness, and communication. It is also said to encourage inner peace and truthfulness. Throughout history, gemstones have been attributed with healing powers and symbolic meanings, and zircon is no exception. The vibrant color and sparkling nature of the gem contribute to its association with positive energy and clarity of thought.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and luster of blue zircon jewelry. Due to its hardness and perfect cleavage, zircon requires gentle handling. Avoid exposing the gemstone to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or extreme temperature changes. Cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth. It is advisable to have zircon jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure its longevity. Given its potential for chipping, zircon is best suited for jewelry settings that offer protection, such as pendants and earrings.
Conclusion
Blue zircon stands as a captivating and historically significant December birthstone. Its unique optical properties, including its double refraction and fiery sparkle, distinguish it from other gemstones. From its ancient origins in the Middle East to its enduring appeal in modern jewelry, zircon continues to enchant and inspire. While December offers a selection of beautiful birthstones, blue zircon’s rich history and exceptional brilliance solidify its position as a truly special gem, representing honesty, peace, and a timeless elegance.