Blue topaz is a captivating gemstone with a rich history and increasing popularity, recognized as a December birthstone and a compelling alternative for November birthdays. While traditionally associated with November as golden topaz or citrine, blue topaz offers a cooler-toned option for those born in the eleventh month. Its availability, affordability, and striking color have cemented its place in the world of gemstones, making it a favored choice for jewelry and adornment. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this beautiful stone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of topaz is steeped in ancient beliefs and traditions. The origin of the name “topaz” itself is debated, with some attributing it to the Sanskrit word tapas, meaning “fire,” while others trace it back to the Greek topazos. For centuries, topaz was believed to possess various benefits. Ancient Greeks thought it provided strength, while Europeans from the 1300s to the 1600s believed it could ward off magic spells and quell anger. In India, wearing topaz above the heart was thought to ensure a long life, beauty, and intelligence.
While natural light-blue topaz is found in Northern Ireland and the UK, most blue topaz available today is created through irradiation and heating of colorless topaz, a process that permanently imparts the blue hue. A rainbow effect, known as “Mystic Topaz,” is achieved by coating colorless topaz with a thin artificial film. Despite these treatments, blue topaz remains a popular and accessible gemstone. It is currently the state gemstone of Texas and was once considered the conventional birthstone for November. More recently, it has become widely accepted as an alternate birthstone for December, alongside turquoise and blue zircon.
Geological Formation and Sources
Topaz forms in igneous rocks and is often found in alluvial deposits. Significant deposits of topaz have been discovered across the globe, including Brazil, Afghanistan, Australia, Myanmar (Burma), China, Germany, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, and the USA. Turquoise, the other traditional December birthstone, is mined in the U.S. (particularly Arizona, California, and Nevada), Mexico, Iran, Chile, China, and Tibet. Historically, the most valuable turquoise originated from Iran (Persia), but contemporary specimens from the southwestern United States are now considered equally desirable.
The availability of large topaz crystals is notable; faceted gems weighing hundreds of carats are not uncommon. This makes it a good choice for those who appreciate larger gemstone pieces.
Gemological Properties
Blue topaz is a relatively hard gemstone, registering an 8 on the Mohs hardness scale. This hardness makes it suitable for everyday wear, though it can still be susceptible to surface damage from scratches or impacts. It exhibits a high polish, resulting in a smooth, slightly slippery feel when faceted.
Topaz occurs in a variety of colors, including colorless, yellow, orange, pink, violet, brown, and, rarely, red. The color arises from impurities within the stone. Blue topaz, however, is most often created through irradiation and heating. The gem is often cut into elongated shapes due to its natural crystal form. A well-cut blue topaz will display brilliance and minimal visible flaws.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8 |
| Color | Typically blue (often treated), also yellow, orange, pink, etc. |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Blue topaz is associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. In ancient Hindu tradition, it is considered a symbol of love and affection, believed to aid one’s disposition and sweetness. More broadly, topaz represents strength and honor, and is thought to bring a sense of calm and balance. Wearing blue topaz is believed to foster wisdom and a renewed sense of energy.
The abundance of options available for December birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and blue topaz – allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and budget. These stones, while relatively inexpensive, can rival the beauty of more rare and costly gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Blue topaz is a durable gemstone, but it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Due to its hardness, it can withstand everyday wear, but it is still susceptible to scratches and chips. It is recommended to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Cleaning can be accomplished with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they may cause damage.
Selecting Blue Topaz Jewelry
When selecting blue topaz jewelry, it is important to consider the color and clarity of the stone. While red-overtoned topaz is considered more valuable, blue and light-yellow topaz are popular choices for investment. The cut of the stone is also crucial; a well-cut topaz will maximize its brilliance and minimize visible flaws.
Blue topaz is versatile and can be incorporated into a variety of jewelry designs, including rings, earrings, bracelets, and pendants. It also pairs beautifully with other pastel gemstones like citrine and amethyst, creating colorful and eye-catching combinations.
Conclusion
Blue topaz stands as a beautiful and accessible gemstone, holding significance as a December birthstone and a compelling alternative for November. Its rich history, diverse geological sources, and appealing gemological properties contribute to its enduring popularity. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal, symbolic meaning, or affordability, blue topaz offers a captivating addition to any gemstone collection. Its durability and relative ease of care make it a practical choice for everyday wear, allowing the wearer to enjoy its beauty for years to come.