December boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is represented by not one, but three birthstones: turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite. While blue topaz is noted as a popular modern choice, turquoise holds a long and storied history as a December birthstone, alongside the more recently added tanzanite. These gemstones each offer distinct aesthetic qualities and symbolic meanings, making December birthdays particularly rich in options. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three December birthstones, drawing upon available information.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months dates back centuries, though the specific assignments have evolved over time. Originally, turquoise and lapis lazuli were the traditional birthstones for December. More recently, blue zircon and blue topaz have been added as modern alternatives, with tanzanite joining the list as a contemporary choice.
Turquoise, in particular, carries a rich history steeped in mythology and belief. Its name itself derives from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “Turkish stone,” as the gem was often imported to Europe through Turkey. Throughout history, turquoise has been considered a sacred stone by various cultures, including the ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Native American tribes. It was believed to offer protection, bring good fortune, and promote healing.
Blue topaz, deriving its name from the Sanskrit word for “fire,” was historically associated with protection and safeguarding loved ones. In contemporary times, it has come to symbolize love and affection, making it a popular gift for those born in December and for celebrating 4th and 19th wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a unique mineral formed from copper aluminum phosphate, typically found near water tables in semi-humid and dry environments where rock is present. The distinctive blue and green hues of turquoise are attributed to the presence of copper and iron, respectively. The veins often seen within turquoise are remnants of the host rock from which it formed.
Blue topaz, a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine, is often colorless in its natural state. The vibrant blue shades commonly seen in jewelry are typically achieved through irradiation of naturally colorless topaz. Commercially available blue topaz is sourced from locations including the United States, China, Mexico, and Russia.
While the sources do not detail the geological formation of tanzanite, they do establish its place among the December birthstones.
Gemological Properties
Blue topaz possesses a chemical formula of Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 and exhibits strong chemical bonding, contributing to its hardness as a silicate mineral. It displays a glass-like luster and deep cleavage, which, despite its hardness, makes it somewhat delicate. Blue topaz varieties are categorized by their color intensity, including London Blue (deep, inky blue), Swiss Blue (vibrant, medium light blue), and Sky Blue (light aqua).
Turquoise is an opaque stone, ranging in color from brilliant blue to green. Its appearance is often characterized by veining, resulting from the remnants of the rock in which it originated. These veins can be black, silver, tan, or gold.
The sources do not provide specific gemological properties for tanzanite.
The following table summarizes the key properties of blue topaz and turquoise, based on the provided sources:
| Property | Blue Topaz | Turquoise |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 | Copper Aluminum Phosphate |
| Luster | Glass-like | Opaque |
| Color | Various shades of blue | Blue to Green |
| Transparency | Transparent | Opaque |
| Hardness | Relatively Hard | Not specified |
| Cleavage | Deep | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, for example, has long been associated with protection, good fortune, and healing. Aquamarine, while mentioned in relation to March, shares a similar association with calming turbulent waters and ensuring the safety of sailors.
Blue topaz, while initially believed to offer protection, has evolved to symbolize love and affection. This makes it a particularly meaningful gift for those born in December.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for turquoise or tanzanite. However, given blue topaz’s deep cleavage, it is described as somewhat delicate despite its hardness, suggesting careful handling to avoid damage. General gemstone care practices, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, are recommended.
Market Value and Rarity
The sources provide a ranking of birthstone rarity based on birth month, indicating that amethyst (February) is the rarest, while peridot (August) is the most common. Turquoise ranks seventh in rarity, while topaz ranks tenth. The sources do not provide specific pricing information for any of the December birthstones.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite – offer a diverse range of aesthetic qualities and symbolic meanings. Turquoise, with its ancient history and association with protection and good fortune, represents a traditional choice. Blue topaz, with its vibrant hues and symbolism of love, provides a modern alternative. While information on tanzanite is limited within the provided sources, its inclusion as a December birthstone adds to the month’s unique gemstone heritage. These three gemstones collectively embody the spirit of December, offering beauty, meaning, and a touch of magic to those born within this special month.