Alexandrite stands as a particularly captivating gemstone, recognized as a June birthstone alongside pearl and moonstone. Its most remarkable characteristic is its ability to change color under different light sources – appearing a vibrant green in daylight and a rich red under incandescent light, a phenomenon often described as “emerald by day, ruby by night.” This unique property, coupled with its relative rarity, has cemented alexandrite’s place as a highly prized gem, steeped in history and lore.
History and Lore
The story of alexandrite begins in the Ural Mountains of Russia, with its discovery generally attributed to the year 1833. While some reports suggest earlier findings as far back as the late 1700s, it was in 1833 that Russian miners first encountered the stone, initially mistaking it for an emerald. Renowned Finnish mineralogist Nils Gustav Nordenskjold subsequently identified it as a distinct and previously unknown gem variety.
The gemstone was formally named in 1834 by Count Lev Alexandroff, who bestowed upon it the name “alexandrite” in honor of the then-heir apparent to the Russian throne, Alexander II. Alexander II later became Czar of Russia in 1855, and his association with the gem, along with its colors mirroring the imperial Russian military colors of red and green, contributed significantly to its prestige and popularity within the country, establishing it as Russia’s national gemstone.
Alexandrite’s connection to royalty and its striking appearance quickly elevated its status. It is also recognized as the traditional gift for a 55th wedding anniversary. More recently, it replaced pearl as the primary June birthstone, though this was later revised to include both, along with moonstone, offering a wider range of choices for those born in June.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. The color change exhibited by alexandrite is due to its unique ability to absorb light, a complex process resulting from the presence of chromium ions within its crystal structure.
Historically, Russia was the primary source of high-quality alexandrite. However, after the initial discoveries in the Ural Mountains, the Russian supply dwindled. Today, alexandrite is found in several locations around the world, including Brazil, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Madagascar, and Burma.
The geological origin of the stone impacts its color characteristics. Alexandrite from Brazil, for example, typically displays a teal or deep bluish-green hue in daylight, shifting to a deep, rich purple under incandescent light. Russian alexandrite, conversely, is known for its more classic transformation from green to red. Experienced gemologists can often identify a stone’s origin based on these subtle color variations, as the geology of the deposit influences the gem’s appearance.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite is a remarkably durable gemstone, though specific data regarding its hardness and other properties are not provided in the available sources. It is known to typically occur in smaller sizes, with most stones weighing less than 5 carats. Larger stones are exceptionally rare and command significantly higher prices.
The value of alexandrite is directly tied to the clarity and completeness of its color change. The more distinct the shift between green and red (or purple), the more valuable the stone. A vivid green in daylight and a deep red under incandescent light are considered the most desirable characteristics. The phenomenon responsible for this color change is known as pleochroism.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Alexandrite’s color-changing ability has imbued it with symbolic meaning throughout history. Its capacity to adapt and reveal different colors depending on its surroundings has led to associations with balance, transformation, and inner growth. The gem is seen as a reminder of life’s dualities and the beauty inherent in change.
The stone is also considered a beautiful expression of love, with its shifting colors mirroring the multifaceted nature of romantic relationships. Purchasing alexandrite, whether for oneself or as a gift, is often viewed as a thoughtful and sentimental gesture.
Care and Cleaning
While specific care instructions are not detailed in the provided sources, alexandrite’s durability suggests it can withstand normal wear. As a variety of chrysoberyl, it is likely resistant to scratching. However, as with any gemstone, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended to maintain its brilliance.
Conclusion
Alexandrite remains a truly exceptional gemstone, celebrated for its captivating color change, rich history, and enduring symbolism. From its discovery in the Ural Mountains to its association with Russian royalty and its current status as a cherished June birthstone, alexandrite continues to enchant and inspire. Its rarity and unique properties ensure its place as a highly sought-after gem for collectors, jewelry enthusiasts, and those seeking a meaningful and beautiful expression of personal style.