December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – each offering a unique shade of blue and a rich history. While ruby, topaz, and other gems have been associated with the month in various cultures and eras, these three represent the most commonly recognized December birthstones today. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating gemstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months, and even zodiac signs, dates back centuries. Ancient civilizations believed that wearing the correct stone at the right time could bestow powerful benefits. Over time, this practice evolved into the modern tradition of choosing birthstones to honor one’s month of birth. December’s selection reflects a diverse range of historical influences.
Ruby was once considered a December birthstone in ancient times, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase held significance as the old Russian birthstone for the month, thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. Similarly, onyx served as the Tibetan birthstone, offering protective energy and promoting happiness. Bloodstone was also a traditional choice, representing courage and vitality. However, these associations have largely been superseded by the prominence of turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite in contemporary gemological traditions. Lapis Lazuli was also considered a December birthstone prior to 1952, representing royalty and self-mastery.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Prosperity
Turquoise, a semi-translucent gem ranging in color from blue to green, is a modern December birthstone with a history stretching back millennia. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, while Chinese artisans carved it over 3,000 years ago. Shamans revered it as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and good luck.
Geologically, turquoise is a unique combination of copper and aluminum phosphate, formed where acidic groundwater interacts with minerals containing aluminum and phosphorus. Its characteristic veins of matrix, remnants of the surrounding rock, add to its distinctive appearance.
Historically, turquoise was believed to possess numerous beneficial powers. From the 13th century onward, it was thought to protect wearers from falls, even breaking into pieces to warn of impending disaster. Hindu mystics believed that viewing turquoise after a new moon would guarantee wealth.
Zircon: A Rainbow of Colors and Emotional Balance
Zircon replaced Lapis Lazuli as a recognized December birthstone after 1952. While it occurs in a variety of colors, blue zircon is most frequently associated with the month. Zircon rates between 6 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness. It is often heat-treated to produce the popular blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red hues.
This gem is generally stable when exposed to light, though prolonged exposure can sometimes cause heat-treated stones to revert to their original color, typically a light brown. Exposure to heat can also alter the color of some zircon. It is best to avoid wearing zircon during rough activities to prevent abrasion. Cleaning should be done with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended.
Zircon is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. It is a stone with a quiet vibration, offering a subtle yet powerful energy.
Tanzanite: A Relatively New Gem with a Captivating Hue
Tanzanite is the newest of the December birthstones, gaining recognition in the United States in 2002. Discovered in the 1960s, it is currently mined exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, often requiring miners to dig over 300 feet into the earth.
Tanzanite’s color ranges from blue to bluish-purple. It rates between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it resistant to heat and light but susceptible to abrasion and cracking. As such, it is not ideal for everyday wear.
Tanzanite is considered a protective and soothing stone, facilitating the calm and clear communication of spiritual insights.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes key gemological properties of the three primary December birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Copper Aluminum Phosphate | 5-6 | Blue to Green | Semi-translucent to Opaque |
| Zircon | Zirconium Silicate (ZrSiO4) | 6-7.5 | Blue, Colorless, Orange, Red | Transparent to Opaque |
| Tanzanite | Calcium Aluminum Silicate | 6-7 | Blue to Bluish-Purple | Transparent to Translucent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each December birthstone carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is associated with protection, prosperity, and good fortune. Zircon is believed to promote joy and emotional balance. Tanzanite is considered a stone of protection and spiritual communication.
Beyond these core associations, each gem has accumulated a wealth of lore over the centuries. Turquoise was thought to safeguard against falls and warn of danger, while ruby was believed to sharpen the mind and inspire love. These beliefs, while not scientifically verifiable, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones.
Caring for Your December Birthstone
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of your December birthstone jewelry.
- Turquoise: Due to its relative softness, turquoise is susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh chemicals. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and abrasive materials. Clean gently with a soft cloth and mild soap.
- Zircon: Avoid wearing zircon during strenuous activities to prevent abrasion. Clean with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners.
- Tanzanite: Protect tanzanite from scratches and impacts. Clean gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners.
Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that your December birthstone remains a cherished heirloom for years to come.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise to the relatively recent discovery of tanzanite, these gems offer a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their metaphysical properties, or their historical significance, these blue-hued gemstones are a fitting tribute to the spirit of December.