Peridot, a vibrant lime-green gemstone, holds the distinction of being a primary birthstone for August. Unlike many of its counterparts, peridot is predominantly found in a single hue, a characteristic that contributes to its unique appeal. Beyond its aesthetic qualities, peridot carries a rich history steeped in symbolism, representing strength, protection, and healing. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and modern appreciation of this captivating gem.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. Sources indicate that peridot was often confused with emeralds in antiquity, owing to their similar green coloration. However, peridot possesses a distinct brilliance, sometimes referred to as an “evening emerald,” due to its ability to sparkle even in low light conditions.
Ancient Egyptians held peridot in high regard, believing it possessed potent healing properties and protective powers. It was often adorned by pharaohs and used in elaborate jewelry. Some accounts suggest peridot was even sourced from volcanic eruptions, adding to its mystique. The gem’s association with the sun is also deeply rooted in ancient lore, with some believing it was formed from solidified sunlight.
The Romans also valued peridot, referring to it as “topazos,” a term that was later applied to topaz. Throughout the Middle Ages, peridot continued to be prized for its perceived medicinal benefits and was often set in gold, believed to enhance its powers. It was thought to ward off evil spirits and protect against nightmares.
More recently, in 1912, the discovery of peridot on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea revitalized the gem’s prominence. While historically sourced from Egypt, significant deposits have also been found in Myanmar, Pakistan, and the United States. In 2016, spinel was added as a third birthstone for August, alongside peridot and sardonyx, offering those born in this month a wider selection of precious gems.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality olivine, a mineral composed of magnesium and iron silicate ((Mg,Fe)2 SiO4). Its formation occurs deep within the Earth’s mantle, often in volcanic basalt. The gem is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, specifically through the eruption of lava. Unusually, peridot has also been discovered within pallasite meteorites, originating from the asteroid belt, adding to its otherworldly allure. These meteoritic peridots are often too small for jewelry use, but they provide a fascinating insight into the gem’s cosmic origins.
While historically sourced from Egypt, particularly from the island of Zabargad, modern peridot mining occurs in several locations. Significant deposits are found in Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, and the United States, specifically in Arizona. Other sources include Brazil, China, Vietnam, and South Africa. The quality and color intensity of peridot can vary depending on its origin, with Myanmar and Pakistan often yielding stones with a richer, more vibrant green hue.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits a unique set of gemological properties that define its character and value. As a semi-precious stone, it falls within the $400-$650 per carat range, positioning it within the next tier of birthstone value, after diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and sapphires.
Here’s a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 |
| Color | Lime Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Refractive Index | 1.653 - 1.683 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
Peridot’s color is directly related to its iron content. The more iron present, the more intense the green hue. However, excessive iron can also lead to a brownish tint, which is generally less desirable. Peridot typically exhibits good clarity, though inclusions are common. These inclusions, often referred to as “lilies,” are small, needle-like crystals that can enhance the gem’s character.
The gem’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, but it is still susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh impacts. Peridot also exhibits a distinct double refraction, meaning light splits into two rays as it passes through the stone, creating a doubling effect when viewed through the pavilion.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Ancient Egyptians believed it possessed healing powers, protecting against nightmares and evil spirits. Romans associated it with nobility and power.
In modern times, peridot is often associated with strength, protection, and healing. It is believed to promote emotional balance, reduce stress, and enhance self-esteem. Some practitioners of crystal healing suggest that peridot can stimulate the liver and gallbladder, improve adrenal function, and aid in detoxification.
The “root chakra” is believed to be activated by peridot, offering relief from ailments related to the skin, gums, and spine. Its vibrant green color is also linked to growth, renewal, and abundance, making it a popular choice for those seeking positive energy and prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials, so it should be stored separately from diamonds, sapphires, and rubies. Avoid exposing peridot to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
To clean peridot, simply use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gem to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help maintain peridot’s brilliance and luster. It is also advisable to have peridot jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure its longevity.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating lime-green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins in Egypt to its modern-day appreciation for its vibrant color and healing properties, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its unique formation, both within the Earth’s mantle and in the depths of space, adds to its mystique, making it a truly special and cherished gemstone. Whether admired for its aesthetic beauty or its perceived metaphysical benefits, peridot remains a timeless treasure for those born under the August sun.