July boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – not just one, but six, reflecting a rich history of tradition and evolving interpretations. While ruby currently reigns as the modern and most widely recognized July birthstone, carnelian, onyx, sardonyx, turquoise, and even sapphire have all held significance as July gemstones across different cultures and eras. This diversity highlights the fascinating journey of birthstone associations and the enduring appeal of these vibrant gems.
A History of Multiple Associations
The concept of assigning specific gemstones to each month is ancient, evolving over centuries. Initially, various cultures attributed different stones to each month, often based on astrological signs or perceived metaphysical properties. Sources indicate that prior to 1912, onyx and turquoise were commonly accepted as July birthstones alongside ruby. The American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America further expanded the list in 2002, though no changes were made to the July designations since then. This historical fluidity explains the presence of multiple options for those born in July, allowing for a personalized connection to their birthstone. Ancient Polish, Russian, Tibetan, and Hindu calendars all recognized ruby as a July stone, while the old Russian calendar also included sardonyx, and the Hindu calendar featured sapphire.
Ruby: The Reigning Gem
Ruby, derived from the Latin word ruber meaning “red,” is the most prominent and valued July birthstone. It is a variety of the mineral corundum, the same species as sapphire, with its red hue stemming from the presence of chromium. Ruby consistently ranks among the four precious stones – alongside diamond, sapphire, and emerald – due to its rarity, beauty, and durability. Its hardness, second only to diamond, makes it suitable for everyday wear. The color of ruby is paramount, with deep, vibrant reds commanding the highest prices. Variations in shade, including pinkish-red, purplish-red, and orangish-red, also contribute to its appeal.
Ruby has long been associated with passion, love, and vitality, symbolizing the peak of summer’s energy. Traditionally, it was believed to boost mental strength and reinforce courage. This association with courage extends back to ancient times, as Romans and Greeks carried sardonyx and ruby stones engraved with images of war gods into battle.
The Ancient Alternatives: Carnelian, Onyx, Sardonyx, Turquoise, and Sapphire
While ruby holds the modern spotlight, the other July birthstones each possess unique histories and symbolic meanings.
Carnelian: This gemstone, a variety of chalcedony, is a reddish-brown stone believed to instill bravery. It is listed as an alternate birthstone for Britain.
Onyx: Historically a July birthstone, onyx is also associated with the zodiac sign Leo, which partially falls within July. It is a banded chalcedony, often featuring layers of white and black.
Sardonyx: A combination of sard (a darker shade of carnelian) and white chalcedony, sardonyx was a July birthstone in the ancient Russian calendar and a zodiac stone for Leo. It was believed to protect against scorpion bites and promote strength.
Turquoise: Though more commonly recognized as the December birthstone, turquoise also held a place as a traditional July stone. This opaque gemstone ranges in color from green to blue and was believed to bring clarity of mind and spiritual discernment.
Sapphire: In the Hindu calendar, sapphire was designated as the July birthstone. Like ruby, sapphire is a variety of corundum, but it occurs in all colors except red. Its consistent high value places it among the precious stones. Sapphire was believed to bring inner peace and counteract depression.
Gemological Properties and Care
The gemological properties of July’s birthstones vary considerably. Ruby, with a Mohs hardness of 9, is exceptionally durable. Carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx, all forms of chalcedony, have a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, making them reasonably durable but more susceptible to scratches than ruby. Turquoise, with a Mohs hardness of 5-6, is relatively soft and requires careful handling. Sapphire, like ruby, boasts a Mohs hardness of 9.
Cleaning these gemstones requires different approaches. For untreated, heat-treated, and lattice diffusion treated rubies, onyx, carnelian, sardonyx, and sapphires, immersion in warm, soapy water followed by gentle scrubbing with a soft brush is generally safe. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can also be used. However, fracture-filled, cavity-filled, and dyed gemstones should only be cleaned with a damp cloth to avoid damage. Turquoise, being more porous, requires particularly gentle cleaning and should not be subjected to harsh chemicals or prolonged water exposure.
Symbolism and Modern Interpretations
The symbolism associated with July birthstones reflects their colors and historical uses. Red, the dominant color of ruby, represents passion, love, and vitality. Carnelian symbolizes courage, onyx offers protection, sardonyx embodies strength, turquoise promotes clarity, and sapphire fosters inner peace.
Modern interpretations allow for a more personalized approach to birthstone selection. Individuals can choose the stone that resonates most with them, regardless of traditional associations. Combining multiple July birthstones in a single piece of jewelry is also a popular way to honor both heritage and personal preference. For example, a ruby and onyx bracelet or a ruby and moonstone pendant can be a meaningful and unique gift.
The Color of July
While red is the predominant color associated with July, thanks to the ruby, the month also evokes the patriotic colors of red, white, and blue. The vibrant red of rubies symbolizes the warmth and energy of summer. Secondary hues found in some ruby varieties, such as pink, purplish-red, and orangish-red, offer a wider range of color options for jewelry.
Geographic Origins
Specific information regarding the mining locations of July birthstones was limited within the provided sources. However, the enduring value of ruby and sapphire suggests their consistent demand and sourcing from various locations throughout history.
A Choice for Every Preference
The abundance of birthstones for July provides a unique opportunity for individuals to find a gem that truly resonates with them. Whether drawn to the fiery passion of ruby, the ancient symbolism of onyx, or the calming energy of turquoise, there is a July birthstone to suit every taste and preference. The rich history and diverse meanings associated with these gems make them not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful symbols of identity and connection.
Conclusion
July’s birthstone selection is a testament to the evolving nature of tradition and the enduring allure of gemstones. While ruby currently holds the position of primary July birthstone, the inclusion of carnelian, onyx, sardonyx, turquoise, and sapphire acknowledges a broader historical and cultural context. Each of these gems offers unique beauty, symbolism, and gemological properties, providing a wealth of options for those born in the seventh month of the year. The multifaceted nature of July’s birthstones ensures that there is a gem to celebrate every personality and preference.