Alexandrite stands as one of the most remarkable and valuable gemstones in the world, captivating gemologists and enthusiasts alike with its unique color-changing properties and relative rarity. While diamonds often dominate discussions of expensive gems, alexandrite frequently surpasses them in per-carat price, making it a highly sought-after treasure. This article will delve into the history, gemological properties, origins, and value of this extraordinary June birthstone.
History and Lore
The discovery of alexandrite in 1830 in the Ural Mountains of Russia marked a pivotal moment in gemological history. The find coincided with the birthday of Czar Alexander II, then heir to the throne, leading to the gem being named in his honor. Its red and green hues also mirrored the colors of the Russian military, solidifying its status as the national stone of Russia. This initial discovery provided the world with the first examples of this unique gem, and for a time, Russia was the primary source.
The gem’s color-changing ability quickly captured the imagination of those who encountered it, with jewelers often describing it as an “emerald by day and a ruby by night.” This characteristic, combined with its association with Russian royalty, contributed to its immediate prestige and desirability. While the original Russian mines have largely been depleted, alexandrite continues to be found in other locations, though with varying degrees of color change and clarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. Its color change is a result of its ability to absorb different wavelengths of light under different lighting conditions. Specifically, it contains trace amounts of chromium, which is responsible for the gem’s ability to shift from bluish-green in daylight to purplish-red in incandescent light.
Historically, the Ural Mountains of Russia were the primary source of alexandrite. However, these mines are now largely exhausted. Today, alexandrite is found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, East Africa (particularly Tanzania), and India. The quality of alexandrite, particularly the distinctness of its color change, varies significantly depending on the location. Russian alexandrite is renowned for having the most dramatic color change, making it the most valuable. Alexandrite from Brazil and Sri Lanka often exhibits a less pronounced color shift, while African alexandrite can be more readily available but may also have lower clarity.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite possesses a unique combination of properties that contribute to its value and appeal.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | BeAl₂O₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.743 - 1.753 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.71 - 3.85 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Color | Bluish-green to purplish-red |
The gem’s hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale makes it a durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry settings. Its high refractive index contributes to its brilliance and sparkle. The key characteristic, however, remains its color change. The strength and clarity of this change are crucial factors in determining its value. A strong, distinct color change – from a vivid green in daylight to a deep red under incandescent light – is highly prized. Clarity also plays a significant role, with flawless or nearly flawless stones commanding the highest prices.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not detail extensive metaphysical beliefs surrounding alexandrite, its association with Russian royalty and its unique properties have imbued it with symbolic meaning. The gem is often linked to good fortune, balance, and intuition. Its color-changing nature can be interpreted as a symbol of adaptability and transformation.
Market Value and Investment Potential
Alexandrite is consistently ranked among the most expensive birthstones. Prices can range dramatically depending on the quality of the stone, with exceptional specimens exceeding $70,000 per carat. The price range generally falls between $2,000 and $12,000 per carat, but can be significantly higher for stones with a strong color change and excellent clarity.
Diamonds, rubies, and emeralds are also highly valued, with diamonds ranging from $1,500 to $15,000+ per carat, rubies from $1,000 to $5,000, and emeralds from $500 to $3,000. However, the rarity of high-quality alexandrite often places it at the very top of the price spectrum.
Several factors influence the price of birthstones, including rarity, quality (cut, clarity, and color), and market demand. As demand for alexandrite increases and supplies remain limited, its value is likely to continue to rise. This makes it a potentially sound investment for collectors and gem enthusiasts.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness, alexandrite is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can potentially damage the stone. Regular cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and ensure its continued beauty.
Conclusion
Alexandrite is a truly exceptional gemstone, distinguished by its remarkable color-changing ability, historical significance, and relative rarity. From its discovery in the Ural Mountains of Russia to its current status as a highly prized birthstone, alexandrite continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique properties and increasing value make it a compelling choice for jewelry collectors, investors, and those seeking a gemstone with a truly extraordinary story.