August boasts a unique distinction among birth months: it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This selection offers a diverse palette of colors and a rich tapestry of historical and symbolic meanings for those born in the eighth month of the year. While peridot has held prominence as the official August birthstone since 1912, spinel was added to the official list by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) in 2016, and sardonyx remains a traditional choice, reflecting a broadening of options for color, affordability, and personal preference. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with each of these captivating gemstones.
A History of Choice
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. Originally, birthstones were associated with the twelve apostles, and their connection to specific months was not standardized until much later. Sardonyx holds the longest-standing association with August, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. The addition of peridot and, more recently, spinel, reflects a modern desire to provide a wider range of choices for individuals seeking a gemstone that resonates with them. The expansion of the birthstone list by organizations like the AGTA and JA aims to cater to diverse tastes and budgets, ensuring that everyone can find a meaningful gem to represent their birth month.
Peridot: The “Evening Emerald”
Peridot, a gem variety of the mineral olivine, is perhaps the most well-known of the August birthstones. Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4, composed primarily of magnesium and iron. The presence of iron is responsible for peridot’s characteristic green hue, ranging from bright yellow-green to a deeper olive shade. Historically, peridot was often confused with emeralds, a misidentification stemming from its similar color. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, once believed to be a source of topaz, was actually a significant source of peridot, leading to further confusion.
The unique origins of peridot contribute to its mystique. It is found in both fallen meteorites – specifically Pallasite Meteorites – and in volcanic lava, brought to the surface from the Earth’s upper mantle. While meteorite-sourced peridot is typically too small for jewelry use, larger, gem-quality stones are commonly found in volcanic settings. Throughout history, peridot has been prized for its brilliance, even being referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light. Some historians speculate that stones historically attributed to Cleopatra’s emerald collection were, in fact, peridot. Peridot is associated with symbolism of joy, abundance, and healing.
Spinel: A Newly Recognized Gem
Until recently, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, particularly in historical contexts. Red spinel, in particular, was frequently misidentified as its more valuable counterpart. However, as consumer awareness and gemological understanding have grown, spinel has emerged as a gemstone in its own right, gaining recognition for its vibrant colors and unique properties. Added to the official August birthstone list in 2016, spinel is now appreciated for its brilliance and versatility.
Spinel occurs in a wide range of colors, including vivid red, pink, orange, blue, and even black. This variety allows for a greater degree of personalization when selecting a birthstone. Spinel is associated with renewal, vitality, and inspiration, making it a fitting gem for those seeking positive change and creative energy.
Sardonyx: The Traditional Choice
Sardonyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, composed of layers of sard (red) and onyx (white or black). This creates a distinctive appearance of parallel stripes, often featuring shades of red, brown, white, and orange. As the original August birthstone, sardonyx carries a long history of use in jewelry and ornamental objects.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, stability, and protection. Its banded structure is often interpreted as representing grounding and resilience. While perhaps less commonly chosen today than peridot or spinel, sardonyx remains a meaningful option for those seeking a connection to tradition and a gemstone with a strong, earthy energy.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The three August birthstones exhibit distinct gemological properties. A comparative overview is provided below:
| Property | Peridot | Spinel | Sardonyx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 | MgAl2O4 | SiO2 |
| Color | Yellow-Green to Olive Green | Red, Pink, Blue, Orange, Black | Red, Brown, White, Orange (banded) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous | Waxy |
| Transparency | Transparent | Transparent | Translucent |
These properties influence the care and maintenance of each gemstone. Peridot and sardonyx, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, are relatively susceptible to scratching and should be handled with care. Spinel, with a hardness of 8, is more durable and resistant to abrasion.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries unique symbolic weight. Peridot is often associated with prosperity and protection, believed to ward off negativity and promote well-being. Spinel is seen as a stone of renewal, encouraging vitality and inspiring creativity. Sardonyx represents courage, strength, and stability, offering a sense of grounding and resilience. These symbolic associations contribute to the personal significance of each gemstone, making them meaningful gifts and cherished possessions.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of August birthstones. Peridot and sardonyx should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stones. Spinel is more durable and can withstand gentle cleaning with mild soap and water. All three gemstones should be stored separately to prevent scratching.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gems. From the vibrant green of peridot to the fiery hues of spinel and the banded beauty of sardonyx, each stone offers a unique aesthetic and symbolic significance. The evolution of the August birthstone list reflects a growing appreciation for the variety and beauty of gemstones, providing individuals with a wider range of options to celebrate their birth month. Whether chosen for their historical significance, gemological properties, or personal resonance, these three gems embody the warmth, energy, and abundance of the summer season.