The month of June boasts a unique distinction in the world of birthstones, possessing not one, but several gemstones traditionally associated with it: pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone. While pearl historically held the sole designation, the modern list includes the relatively recent addition of alexandrite, and in Germany and Scandinavian countries, moonstone remains the preferred choice. This article will delve into the history, geological origins (where available), gemological properties, and cultural significance of these three captivating gemstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The concept of associating gemstones with specific months, and even with astrological signs, has ancient roots. The practice can be traced back to the first century historian, Flavius Josephus, who connected the twelve stones in Aaron’s breastplate – as described in the Book of Exodus – with the twelve months of the year and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Interpretations of this passage have varied over time, and some scholars suggest Josephus referenced the breastplate of the Second Temple rather than the original described in Exodus. Further development of this tradition occurred in the eighth and ninth centuries with religious treatises linking stones to apostles, intending that their names be inscribed on the Foundation Stones of the New Jerusalem.
The custom of wearing a single birthstone per month is a more recent development, with differing accounts placing its origin in either eighteenth-century Poland or Germany in the 1560s. The formal standardization of birthstones, as recognized today, occurred in 1912 with the creation of a list by the US National Association of Jewellers.
Pearl, as a June birthstone, has a particularly long and storied history, predating the formalization of birthstone lists by millennia. Alexandrite, discovered in Russia in the 19th century, lacks this ancient connection, being named after the future Czar Alexander II. Moonstone, favored in Germany and Scandinavia, also carries a rich history, though its specific association with June is more regionally focused.
Pearl: An Organic Gemstone
Pearls are unique among gemstones as they are organic, formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk. Historically, pearl was the primary birthstone for June. Myths and legends abound regarding pearls, reflecting their long-held value and mystique.
Alexandrite: A Color-Changing Rarity
Alexandrite, a relative newcomer to the birthstone world, was first discovered in Russia during the 19th century. Its most remarkable characteristic is its ability to change color depending on the light source. Appearing green in daylight, it transforms to a purple-red hue under incandescent lighting. This phenomenon, known as the alexandrite effect, contributes to its exceptional rarity and high value. Alexandrite does not possess ancient meanings or lore, but is sometimes associated with heightened intuition and pleasure. Natural alexandrites are extremely expensive, often leading buyers to opt for synthetic versions, which are still considered valuable.
Moonstone: A Scandinavian and German Tradition
In Germany and Scandinavian countries, moonstone is the preferred birthstone for June. While specific details regarding its historical significance within these regions are not provided, its association with the month suggests a long-standing cultural preference.
Gemological Properties
Due to the limited information provided in the sources, a comprehensive gemological overview is constrained. However, some key properties can be outlined.
Pearl: The sources do not provide specific details regarding pearl’s chemical composition or hardness. It is described as an organic gemstone.
Alexandrite: Alexandrite is noted for its color-changing ability. It appears green in daylight and purple-red under incandescent light. The sources indicate it is a rare gem commanding extremely high prices per carat.
Moonstone: The sources do not provide specific gemological properties for moonstone.
A comparative table, based on available information, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Origin/Formation | Key Property | Historical Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | Organic (Mollusk) | Organic Gemstone | Long-standing tradition |
| Alexandrite | Russia (19th C.) | Color Change | Named after Czar Alexander II |
| Moonstone | Not specified | Not specified | Preferred in Germany & Scandinavia |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The sources offer limited insight into the symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with these June birthstones.
Aquamarine, while not a June birthstone according to all traditions, is associated with good health, love, youthfulness, and hope, with sailors believing in its protective qualities. Diamonds, another birthstone for April, symbolize purity, unity, and love, and are believed to amplify energy. Emeralds, the birthstone for May, are linked to love, compassion, healing, and abundance, stimulating the Heart Chakra and bringing prosperity.
Garnets, the January birthstone, are attributed with protecting wearers from nightmares and snakebites, and providing guidance in darkness. Pearls, while not explicitly detailed in terms of symbolism, have historically been associated with purity and elegance. Alexandrite is sometimes linked to heightened intuition and pleasure, while moonstone’s symbolism is not detailed in the provided sources.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for pearl, alexandrite, or moonstone. However, given the varying hardness and composition of these gemstones, general guidelines can be inferred. Pearls, being organic, are relatively soft and require gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Alexandrite, being a durable gemstone, can withstand more rigorous cleaning, but should still be handled with care. Moonstone, depending on its variety, may be susceptible to scratching and should be cleaned gently.
Conclusion
The June birthstones – pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone – represent a fascinating blend of tradition, rarity, and cultural significance. While pearl holds a long and established history as the primary June birthstone, the inclusion of alexandrite in the modern list and the continued preference for moonstone in certain regions demonstrate the evolving nature of birthstone traditions. The limited information available in the provided sources prevents a fully comprehensive overview, but highlights the unique qualities and enduring appeal of these captivating gemstones.