Amethyst, the captivating purple variety of quartz, holds the esteemed position of February’s birthstone. Revered for its stunning hues, calming energies, and rich history, this gem has adorned royalty, symbolized power, and been believed to offer protection against intoxication for millennia. This article delves into the multifaceted world of amethyst, exploring its historical significance, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and practical care.
History and Lore
The story of amethyst stretches back to ancient times, with evidence of its use dating as far back as 3100 BC in jewelry discovered in Minos, in the Aegean Sea. Early artisans crafted cabochons, setting them in gold bezels – a style that remains popular today. In ancient Egypt, amethyst held a place of honor, appearing in the tombs of Amenemhet II (1919-1885 BC) as a scarab beetle crafted in gold, and adorning the treasures within King Tutankhamun’s tomb. Cleopatra herself was known to wear an amethyst ring carved with the image of Mithras, a Persian god.
The association of amethyst with royalty continued into later eras. The oldest of the British Crown Jewels features an amethyst worn by Edward the Confessor in the 11th century, and both Queen Elizabeth I and modern coronation regalia showcase the gem’s enduring appeal. Catherine the Great of Russia, a devoted admirer of amethyst, commissioned miners to search the Ural Mountains for the stone, leading to significant discoveries in 1799, three years after her death.
Historically, the vibrant purple color of amethyst linked it to wealth, nobility, and royalty, particularly when purple dye for fabrics was difficult and expensive to produce. In some instances, amethyst was even valued higher than diamonds. The name “amethyst” itself originates from the Greek word amethystos, meaning “a remedy against drunkenness.” Ancient Greeks believed the gem could protect against the effects of wine, a belief stemming from its wine-like color and association with Bacchus, the god of wine. Beyond preventing intoxication, amethyst was thought to promote clear-headedness in both battle and business. Renaissance Europeans believed the stone could calm those overwhelmed by passion. More recently, some believe amethyst was worn by St. Valentine, potentially contributing to its designation as the February birthstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amethyst is a variety of quartz, a widely abundant mineral composed of silicon dioxide. Its purple coloration arises from irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements within the quartz crystal structure. The gem forms within volcanic rocks, particularly in geodes – hollow cavities lined with crystals.
While specific mining locations aren’t extensively detailed in the provided sources, it is noted that amethyst was brought to Europe from Brazil, and significant deposits were discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia. The sources also mention that garnet is found in countries like India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Brazil, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, though this refers to the January birthstone.
Gemological Properties
Amethyst possesses a Mohs hardness of 7, making it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry, though it may show wear over time and benefit from repolishing. This means it is more susceptible to scratching than harder gems like rubies, sapphires, and diamonds. The gem can be found in a range of purple shades, from pale lilac to deep, rich violet.
Heat treatment is a common practice used to enhance the color and marketability of natural amethyst. This process can lighten dark amethyst or remove brownish inclusions, though it cannot darken pale stones. Interestingly, heat treatment can sometimes transform amethyst into citrine, a yellow variety of quartz. While heat treatment results in a permanent color change, excessive heat can render the gem brittle or even remove the color entirely, and prolonged exposure to strong light can also cause fading.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Amethyst is often associated with calmness, clarity, and sobriety. It is considered a stone of spiritual energy, believed to bring happiness, harmony, and clear thinking. Some believe it is a “lucky stone,” fostering prosperity and personal power. The gem’s connection to the month of February aligns with the period of introspection and renewal that marks the transition between winter and spring. It is seen as a stone that encourages patience and resistance during the final stretch of the colder season.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of amethyst jewelry is relatively straightforward. Ultrasonic cleaners can be used, but steam cleaning is not recommended. The safest method involves using a soft brush with mild soap and warm water. Due to its susceptibility to fading with prolonged light exposure, it is advisable to avoid wearing amethyst jewelry during extended periods in direct sunlight, such as at the beach. It is also recommended to avoid placing amethyst jewelry next to harder gemstones, as they could cause scratches.
FAQs
The sources indicate that there are theories as to why amethyst is February’s birthstone, including its association with St. Valentine and its calming energy, which aligns with the introspective mood of the month. The sources also note that several months – March, June, August, October, November, and December – have multiple birthstones. The red diamond is considered the rarest birthstone, with only an estimated 20-30 specimens known to exist.
Conclusion
Amethyst, February’s birthstone, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and beauty. From its ancient origins in Egypt and its association with royalty to its modern-day appeal as a symbol of calm and clarity, amethyst continues to captivate and inspire. Its relatively accessible price point, combined with its durability and stunning purple hues, makes it a popular choice for jewelry and a meaningful gift for those born in February. The gem’s enduring legacy is a testament to its timeless allure and the enduring power of its captivating color.