August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot and sardonyx have long been associated with August, spinel was officially added in 2016, providing those born in this late summer month with a diverse palette of color, history, and symbolism to choose from. Each of these gemstones possesses a distinct origin story and captivating characteristics, making August a particularly exciting month for gemstone enthusiasts.
History and Lore
The history of August’s birthstones is rich and varied. Peridot, often referred to as the “sun gem,” holds a particularly ancient lineage. Its use can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians, who mined peridot on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea. Pharaohs held the stone in high regard, believing it possessed the power to ward off terrors of the night. It was frequently set in karat gold, its green hue glowing beautifully in the light of torches and candles. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot.
Sardonyx, a variety of onyx, also boasts a long history, though specific details regarding its early use are less prominent in available sources.
Spinel, while appreciated for its brilliance and sparkle by gem dealers and collectors, has a more recent claim to August birthstone status, officially gaining recognition in 2016. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, particularly in older jewelry, due to its similar coloration.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three gemstones differ significantly. Peridot is formed under extreme conditions, found both in hardened lava and even within meteorites that fall from outer space. Larger, gem-quality peridot stones are typically brought to the surface by volcanic activity from the Earth’s upper mantle.
Sardonyx originates from India, but can also be found in Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany. It is a banded variety of onyx, characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding.
Spinel’s origins are not detailed in the provided sources beyond its appeal to gem dealers and collectors.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a semi-precious stone with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4, primarily composed of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The amount of iron present influences its unique color and luster. It is known as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light, though it is distinct from emerald in its characteristics. Peridot exhibits a range of green shades, from yellowish-green to a pure pine green, with the most sought-after stones displaying a lime green or olive green hue.
Sardonyx, being a type of onyx, has a more stone-like appearance compared to the crystal-like appearance of peridot. It is characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding.
The sources do not provide specific gemological properties for spinel beyond noting its “wonderful brilliance and sparkle.” It is mentioned that spinel can come in shades of purple, pink, or blue.
Here's a table summarizing the key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color Range | Luster | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 | Yellowish-green to olive green | Vitreous | "Evening Emerald," found in meteorites |
| Sardonyx | (Variety of Onyx) | Reddish-brown with white banding | Dull | Banded appearance |
| Spinel | Not specified | Purple, pink, blue | Brilliant | Often mistaken for ruby |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot has long been associated with strength, as its formation occurs under extreme conditions. Ancient Egyptians believed it could ward off evil spirits and protect against nightmares. Its connection to the sun and light further reinforces its symbolism of positivity and energy.
While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with sardonyx or spinel, peridot is described as a talisman to drive snakes into the sea, demonstrating its historical association with protection and warding off danger.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given peridot’s composition and hardness, it is likely susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. General gemstone cleaning practices, such as using warm soapy water and a soft brush, would likely be suitable. Further research into the specific care requirements of each stone is recommended.
The Expanding List of August Birthstones
Traditionally, peridot and sardonyx were the sole birthstones for August. However, the addition of spinel in 2016 expanded the options available to those born in this month. This change reflects a growing trend towards offering multiple birthstone choices, allowing individuals to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and style. The sources also mention other stones associated with the zodiac signs Leo (July 23–August 22) and Virgo (August 23–September 22), including Jasper, Jade, Tourmaline, Zircon, Citrine, and Onyx, but these are not officially designated as August birthstones. Additionally, Diamond is listed as a guardian angel birth gem for August, and Lapis Lazuli is associated with Virgo.
A Trio of Choices
The availability of three birthstones for August provides a unique opportunity for individuals to find a gem that truly reflects their personality and style. Peridot offers a vibrant green hue and a connection to ancient history, while sardonyx provides a classic, banded appearance. Spinel, with its range of colors and brilliant sparkle, adds a touch of modern sophistication to the August birthstone collection.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient mines of Egypt to the volcanic depths of the Earth and even the vastness of outer space, these gemstones have captured the imagination of cultures for centuries. The addition of spinel to the August birthstone family further enhances the choices available to those born in this month, ensuring that everyone can find a gem that resonates with their individual spirit.