December boasts a fascinating array of birthstones, offering a spectrum of color and lore. While traditionally zircon held the sole designation, modern interpretations include blue topaz and tanzanite, providing a wider selection for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, each with unique origins and properties, symbolize strength, healing, and wisdom. This article will delve into the history, geological sources, gemological characteristics, and symbolism associated with these December birthstones.
History and Lore
The association of specific gemstones with months of the year dates back to ancient times, though the specific assignments have evolved. Zircon, particularly the blue variety, has a long history as a December birthstone. Modern lists, however, expanded to include blue topaz and tanzanite, offering more choices. Blue topaz is believed to symbolize love, affection, and the ability to soothe and heal, imparting strength and intelligence to the wearer. Blue zircon is associated with promoting mental clarity, attracting wisdom, and sharpening intuition, making it ideal for those seeking truth or navigating life changes. Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the birthstone family, is valued for its captivating violet-blue hues.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones vary significantly. Blue topaz forms in igneous rocks, often associated with pegmatites, and is found in several locations worldwide. The provided sources do not specify particular mining locations for blue topaz. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found in a very limited geographical area: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Its formation is linked to complex geological processes within this region. Blue zircon is also sourced from various locations, though specific details are not provided in the available materials.
Gemological Properties
Each of these gemstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Blue topaz, as mentioned in one source, is featured in earrings with a 3mm stone size. The sources do not provide a chemical formula or detailed refractive index for any of the stones. Tanzanite is noted as being between 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating it is susceptible to scratching and abrasion. It can crack if exposed to sudden temperature changes or very high temperatures and is vulnerable to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. The sources indicate that most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its blue to violet coloration, a process that does not affect its durability.
Blue zircon, as highlighted by one source, should not be confused with cubic zirconia, despite the similarity in names. The provided materials specify a blue/teal color range for zircon, from light to medium blue-green, and notes that eye-clean stones (those without visible inclusions) are available. Zircon gemstones in earrings are available in sizes of approximately 3mm and 3.5mm.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological data available from the sources:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | 6-7 | Purple/Blue | Heat |
| Blue Zircon | Not Specified | Blue/Teal | Not Specified |
| Blue Topaz | Not Specified | Blue | Not Specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these December birthstones are imbued with symbolic meaning. Blue topaz is associated with promoting healing and providing strength. Blue zircon is believed to enhance mental clarity and intuition, aiding in truth-seeking. While the sources do not elaborate on specific metaphysical beliefs surrounding tanzanite, its vibrant color and rarity contribute to its desirability and perceived value. The sources suggest that blue zircon offers healing properties and wards off negative energy.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these gemstones. Tanzanite, due to its relative softness, is best set in earrings or pendants to minimize wear and tear. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended for tanzanite. Instead, warm, soapy water is the preferred method for cleaning. For gemstones in general, the sources advise avoiding contact with perfume, hairspray, and other chemicals. They also recommend storing gemstones separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches. Gold jewelry, often used in settings for these stones, is made of 14k gold, which is 58.5% pure gold mixed with other metals for durability. This gold is often hallmarked to guarantee authenticity. Pearls, sometimes paired with these gemstones, require gentle cleaning with a soft, damp cloth and should be stored separately to avoid damage.
Additional Considerations
The sources highlight the craftsmanship involved in creating jewelry featuring these birthstones. Several sources mention handmade pieces, emphasizing the artistry and attention to detail. One source notes that jewelry is crafted in the USA, while another details production in Bath, England. The availability of bespoke services, allowing for customization of metal type and size, is also mentioned. The sources also indicate that some pieces are made to order, requiring a production time of several business days.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, tanzanite, and blue zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. Each gemstone offers a unique aesthetic and is believed to possess properties that promote well-being and clarity. From the soothing energy of blue topaz to the intuitive enhancement of blue zircon and the captivating beauty of tanzanite, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December. Their care requires gentle handling and appropriate cleaning methods to preserve their brilliance for years to come.