Tanzanite, the mesmerizing blue-violet gemstone, is one of the most intriguing discoveries in modern gemology. As the official birthstone for December, tanzanite captures the imagination with its deep, saturated colors and its connection to a unique geological and cultural narrative. Discovered in the late 1960s in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, tanzanite is a rare gemstone that is found only in a small area of the world—making it one of the most exclusive and valuable stones in the gemstone world. Its journey from a local discovery to an international sensation is a testament to its beauty and appeal.
Tanzanite is not only admired for its aesthetic qualities but also for its symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. It is believed to bring clarity, enhance communication, and promote emotional balance. As the gemstone for the 24th wedding anniversary, it also carries a special place in the hearts of many. This article explores the fascinating world of tanzanite, delving into its history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care, as well as its significance in the gemstone market.
History and Lore
The story of tanzanite begins with a simple discovery by a local Maasai tribesman named Jumanne Ngoma in 1967. While tanzanite was first identified in 1962 as a type of zoisite, it was not until Ngoma stumbled upon the gemstone in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro that its potential was fully realized. At first, the stones were mistaken for sapphires due to their striking blue-violet hues. However, upon closer examination by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), it was determined that the crystals were a previously unknown variety of zoisite.
Tanzanite’s journey into the global gemstone market was catalyzed by the involvement of the renowned jewelry company Tiffany & Co. In 1968, Tiffany & Co. launched a major marketing campaign that introduced tanzanite to the world. The company recognized the gemstone’s potential and invested heavily in promoting it. One of the challenges faced during the campaign was the gemstone’s initial name, “blue zoisite,” which was deemed unsuitable for marketing. To honor the country of origin, the gemstone was renamed “tanzanite,” a name that quickly became synonymous with its beauty and rarity.
Tanzanite’s rise to prominence was swift and remarkable. Its vivid colors, high clarity, and potential for large cut stones made it an instant hit. The gemstone’s limited supply further contributed to its allure, as it is found in only one location on Earth—the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania. The small area where tanzanite is mined, covering just five square miles, adds to its exclusivity. As the mine nears depletion, the value of tanzanite is expected to increase significantly, making it a gemstone of both historical and economic interest.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is formed under unique geological conditions, which contribute to its rarity and distinct characteristics. The Merelani Hills, located in northern Tanzania, are the only place on Earth where tanzanite is commercially mined. The region’s landscape is characterized by grass-covered hillsides, scrub brush, rocky soil, and an occasional tree, with the majestic snow-capped slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro visible in the distance. The mines in this area are dug over 100 meters deep into the earth, where thousands of workers recover tanzanite from the ore.
Tanzanite is a variety of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate mineral. In its natural, unheated state, tanzanite exhibits a reddish-brown color. The vibrant blue-violet hues that tanzanite is known for are achieved through a heat treatment process that removes the brownish veil and enhances the color. This treatment is permanent and does not affect the gemstone’s durability. The geological conditions that allow tanzanite to form are rare, contributing to its exclusivity and value.
The limited supply of tanzanite is a key factor in its status as a rare gemstone. The mine in the Merelani Hills is expected to be exhausted within a century, making tanzanite one of the few gemstones with a finite supply. This scarcity is a driving force behind the gemstone’s increasing value and makes it a sought-after piece in both jewelry and collections.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a remarkable gemstone with unique gemological properties that distinguish it from other stones. Its color is one of its most defining features, with a deep, saturated blue-violet hue that is often described as “velvety.” The most highly prized tanzanite exhibits a pure rich blue-violet color, while others may range from violet-blue to a more subdued lavender shade. The gemstone’s color is due to the presence of vanadium, which is responsible for the blue tones.
In terms of hardness, tanzanite is rated between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale. While this is relatively soft compared to harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires, tanzanite is still durable enough for use in jewelry, provided it is handled with care. The gemstone is susceptible to damage from high temperatures and sudden temperature changes, as well as from exposure to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. These properties necessitate special care when cleaning and maintaining tanzanite jewelry.
Tanzanite’s refractive index is another notable property. The gemstone has a refractive index of 1.69 to 1.70, which contributes to its brilliance and luster. Tanzanite’s high clarity and potential for large cut stones make it an ideal choice for various types of jewelry, including earrings, pendants, and rings. However, due to its relative softness, tanzanite is best suited for pieces that are worn less frequently, such as earrings or pendants, rather than rings that are subject to daily wear and potential damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its physical properties, tanzanite carries significant symbolic and metaphysical meaning. It is believed to have the power to transform negativity into positivity and to dispel laziness or idleness. The gemstone is also associated with the balance of personal power and actualization, helping individuals to manifest their goals and desires. In terms of chakras, tanzanite is thought to stimulate the throat, third eye, and crown chakras, enhancing communication and psychic abilities.
Tanzanite is often used in meditation and healing practices, as it is believed to promote emotional balance and clarity. The gemstone is said to open the heart to compassion and understanding, making it a powerful tool for those seeking to improve their emotional well-being. In many cultures, tanzanite is also associated with wisdom, dignity, and a sense of mystery, adding to its allure and significance.
As the gemstone for the 24th wedding anniversary, tanzanite symbolizes the deep bond and enduring love between partners. It is also a popular choice for December birthdays, representing the individual who is born in this month. The gemstone’s connection to the throat and crown chakras makes it particularly valuable for those who seek to enhance their communication skills and spiritual awareness.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of tanzanite. Given its relative softness and susceptibility to damage, it is important to handle the gemstone with care. Tanzanite should be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can cause damage to the gemstone.
When storing tanzanite jewelry, it is advisable to keep the pieces separate from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. Tanzanite should also be protected from exposure to high temperatures and sudden temperature changes, as these can lead to cracks or fractures. Avoid exposing the gemstone to hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acids, as these can cause damage.
For everyday wear, tanzanite is best suited for pieces such as earrings or pendants, which are less likely to be subjected to impact or abrasion. If worn in a ring, it should be set with a protective mounting to minimize the risk of damage. With proper care and maintenance, tanzanite can retain its beauty and value for many years.
Conclusion
Tanzanite is a gemstone of exceptional beauty, rarity, and significance. Its deep blue-violet hues, unique geological formation, and limited supply make it a highly sought-after gemstone in the world of jewelry and gemology. Discovered in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania in 1967, tanzanite quickly gained international recognition thanks to the efforts of Tiffany & Co. and its association with the 24th wedding anniversary and December birthdays.
The gemstone’s symbolic and metaphysical properties further enhance its appeal, as it is believed to promote emotional balance, clarity, and spiritual awareness. With its ability to transform negativity into positivity and enhance communication, tanzanite is not only a beautiful gemstone but also a meaningful one. As the mine in the Merelani Hills nears depletion, the value of tanzanite is expected to rise, making it an even more valuable and exclusive gemstone.
For those who are captivated by the allure of tanzanite, proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving its beauty. By following simple cleaning and storage guidelines, tanzanite jewelry can be enjoyed for generations. Whether as a December birthstone, a wedding anniversary gift, or a symbol of personal power and actualization, tanzanite remains a gemstone of enduring significance and beauty.