December is a month celebrated with festive cheer and, for those born within it, a choice of captivating birthstones. While historically, turquoise and zircon held prominence, the modern era has seen the addition of tanzanite, offering December-born individuals a trio of beautiful blue gemstones to choose from. These stones are not merely aesthetically pleasing; they carry rich histories, cultural significance, and unique gemological properties. This article will delve into the origins, characteristics, and symbolism of turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite, exploring their journey from ancient lore to contemporary jewelry.
A Historical Tapestry of December Gems
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, particularly when set in rings, pendants, or other jewelry. December’s birthstones boast a particularly long and varied history. Turquoise, the oldest of the three, has been cherished for millennia, even adorning the funerary mask of King Tut, demonstrating its significance in ancient civilizations. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, also enjoys a long history of use and reverence. Tanzanite, however, is a more recent discovery, only identified in the 1960s, yet quickly gained popularity for its striking color and rarity.
The assignment of specific birthstones has evolved over time. Zircon was officially recognized as a December birthstone in 1952, while blue topaz and tanzanite were added by the Jewelers of America in 2002, expanding the options available to those born in December. This expansion reflects a desire to offer a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to diverse tastes and histories.
The Allure of Turquoise: Protection and Tranquility
Turquoise, a sacred stone in many cultures, is characterized by its captivating blue-green hues. Its mineral group is classified as phosphate, with a Mohs hardness ranging from 5 to 6, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. The color variations within turquoise are notable, ranging from intense sky blue, known as Persian Turquoise, to greenish-blue shades often exhibiting a webbed matrix pattern, commonly found in Tibetan Turquoise.
Historically, turquoise has been revered for its protective qualities and association with good fortune. In Indian tradition, it is believed to enhance speech, protect from harm, and improve overall well-being. It is also considered the 11th wedding anniversary stone, symbolizing enduring love and happiness. Major sources of turquoise include Iran, the USA, Tibet, and India, each region producing stones with unique characteristics.
Zircon: A Gem of Fire and Brilliance
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, making it a versatile and captivating gemstone. As one of the oldest minerals on Earth, it holds significant geological and historical value. While zircon occurs in a variety of colors, the blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone. Blue zircon is valued for its wonderful clarity and color range, often exhibiting an icy blue hue with diamond-like shine.
Zircon’s brilliance stems from its high refractive index, contributing to its exceptional sparkle. It is a durable gemstone, though it requires careful handling due to its cleavage. The gem’s historical significance is underscored by its long-standing use in jewelry and ornamental objects.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel from Tanzania
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, discovered only near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Its uniqueness lies in its limited source – it is found nowhere else on Earth. This exclusivity contributes to its high value and desirability. Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color, often exhibiting a vivid bluish-purple hue with high sparkle.
The gem’s color is pleochroic, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This phenomenon adds to its allure and complexity. Tanzanite’s rarity and beauty have quickly established it as a sought-after gemstone, particularly popular among those seeking a unique and vibrant birthstone.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the three December birthstones:
| Gemstone | Mineral Group | Mohs Hardness | Color(s) | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Phosphate | 5 – 6 | Blue, Greenish-Blue | Sacred stone, protective qualities, matrix patterns |
| Zircon | Silicate | 6.5 – 7.5 | Blue, Rainbow of Colors | Brilliant fire, clarity, historical significance |
| Tanzanite | Zoisite | 6 – 7 | Blue, Violet | Pleochroism, rarity, vivid color |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of December’s birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is often associated with protection, truth, and calmness, fostering a sense of inner peace and tranquility. Zircon is believed to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity, while also offering protection from negative energies. Tanzanite, with its vibrant color, is thought to stimulate intuition, enhance psychic abilities, and promote spiritual growth.
The zodiac signs associated with December – Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21) and Capricorn (December 22 – January 19) – further enrich the symbolism of these stones. Turquoise aligns with Sagittarius’s fiery energy, offering protection and fostering a sense of adventure. Tanzanite and Zircon resonate with Capricorn’s earthy nature, promoting stability, discipline, and ambition. Planetary associations include Jupiter and Saturn, adding another layer of astrological significance.
Caring for Your December Birthstone
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Zircon, while more durable, can be brittle and should also be handled with care. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals. Tanzanite, though relatively durable, is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to sudden temperature changes. Cleaning can be done with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
By following these simple care instructions, you can ensure that your December birthstones remain beautiful and vibrant for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each a unique choice for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December’s birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.