December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, steeped in tradition and increasingly appreciated for their unique qualities, provide a spectrum of choices for personal adornment and symbolic representation. From ancient associations with wisdom and royalty to more recent discoveries and metaphysical beliefs, December’s birthstones represent a rich tapestry of human history and geological wonder.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed, offering benefits to those who wore them in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. While turquoise and zircon have long been considered the primary birthstones for December, representing the chill of winter with their blue hues, the modern list has expanded to include topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli.
Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has been associated with wisdom and royalty since ancient civilizations. It was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered for centuries across various cultures, is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling a sense of inner calm and fostering creativity.
More recently, tanzanite has emerged as a popular December birthstone, despite being discovered relatively recently in 1967. While lacking the extensive lore of older stones, it is associated with healing, protection, and self-transformation. The inclusion of multiple birthstones allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal tastes and histories. These stones are often selected as alternatives to diamonds in jewelry designs, offering vibrant color and unique aesthetic appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of December’s birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, found in a range of locations including Sri Lanka, Australia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia, often alongside sapphire deposits. Tanzanite, however, is exceptionally rare, found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Turquoise, as its name suggests, has historical ties to Turkey, though significant deposits are also found elsewhere. Lapis lazuli’s sources are less specifically detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
December’s birthstones exhibit a wide range of gemological properties. Zircon ranges from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness, meaning it can be abraded and should be worn with care. It is commonly heat-treated to produce blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red hues. Prolonged exposure to bright light can sometimes cause heat-treated zircon to revert to its original color, typically a light brown. It is stable when exposed to chemicals.
Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color. The provided sources do not detail its hardness or chemical composition. Turquoise is known for its captivating blue-green hues. Lapis lazuli is characterized by its deep azure tones. Topaz, also a December birthstone, is not detailed in terms of its properties within the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological data available from the sources:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | 6 - 7.5 | Blue, Colorless, Orange, Yellow, Red | Commonly Heat Treated |
| Tanzanite | Not Specified | Blue-Violet | Not Specified |
| Turquoise | Not Specified | Blue-Green | Not Specified |
| Lapis Lazuli | Not Specified | Deep Azure | Not Specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, December’s birthstones are imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical beliefs. Lapis lazuli is associated with wisdom and a connection to higher consciousness, evoking a sense of serenity and expansiveness. Turquoise is believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity, representing protection and good fortune.
Tanzanite is linked to activating the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, purportedly allowing the wearer to tap into psychic abilities and communicate with higher dimensions. It is also associated with healing, protection, and self-transformation. The selection of these gemstones for jewelry is often seen as a way to express individuality and connect with historical and cultural narratives. They are considered more than just beautiful objects; they reflect the wearer’s personality and bring a variety of cultural significances.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December’s birthstones requires specific care based on their properties. Zircon, due to its tendency to abrade, is best avoided in rough conditions such as gardening, sports, or dishwashing. Cleaning should be done with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended. The sources do not provide specific care instructions for tanzanite, turquoise, or lapis lazuli.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.