December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – each possessing unique qualities and a rich history. While traditionally associated with turquoise, the modern list has expanded to include these captivating gems, all offering shades of blue that reflect the winter season. These stones represent a diverse range of origins, from ancient civilizations to recent discoveries, and embody symbolism ranging from protection and strength to love and fidelity.
History and Lore
The earliest recognized December birthstone is turquoise, with a history stretching back millennia. Archaeological evidence suggests its use as an ornamental gemstone as early as 3000 B.C., and potentially even before the first dynasty in ancient Egypt. Turquoise held significant value for ancient civilizations in Mexico and was even incorporated into the funerary mask of Tutankhamun, alongside lapis lazuli, quartz, and other gemstones.
Zircon, another traditional December birthstone, also has a long history, though its prominence as a December stone is a more recent development, gaining traction in the 1950s. Initially, lapis lazuli was considered a December gemstone, but zircon eventually took its place.
Tanzanite and blue topaz are relatively recent additions to the December birthstone family. Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania, was introduced to the international market by Tiffany & Co. in 2002, accompanied by a significant marketing campaign. Blue topaz, while topaz itself has been known for centuries – its name originating from the Sanskrit word “tapas” meaning fire – the specifically blue variety gained popularity as a December stone more recently. It is not yet on the official birthstone list, but is considered an emerging choice.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, was initially brought to Europe via Turkish explorers, though its sources extend beyond Turkey. Tanzanite is unique in that it is found only in Tanzania, a relatively small mining area that may be depleted within a few decades. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Blue topaz is typically created through the heat treatment of colorless topaz, as naturally occurring blue topaz is rare. The sources of the original colorless topaz are not detailed in the provided materials. Zircon is found in various locations, but specific mining areas are not mentioned in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Blue topaz boasts a Mohs hardness of 8, indicating good durability and suitability for everyday wear. Turquoise has been appreciated for its ornamental qualities since ancient times. The provided materials do not detail the hardness or chemical composition of turquoise or zircon. Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and is typically violet in color, often with brownish tones that are often treated to achieve more intense blue-violet hues.
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 | Sky blue to deep London Blue | Heat-treated Topaz |
| Tanzanite | Not Specified | Violet with brown tones (often treated) | Tanzania |
| Turquoise | Not Specified | Blue-green | Various |
| Zircon | Not Specified | Not Specified | Various |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Topaz, historically, was associated with strength and protection. In modern times, blue topaz symbolizes love and fidelity, making it a fitting gift for romantic occasions. Turquoise, with its ancient roots, is associated with good luck and was once worn as a talisman for protection against negative energy.
The provided sources suggest that December embodies a mixture of moods – joy, celebration, and reflection – and the birthstones reflect this duality. Turquoise represents peace and wisdom, while Tanzanite is linked to transformation and a transition period as one year closes and another begins. Zircon’s symbolism is not detailed in the provided materials.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8, blue topaz is well-suited for everyday wear and requires relatively simple care. The provided materials do not offer specific cleaning instructions for turquoise, tanzanite, or zircon. However, given the potential for treatments in tanzanite, gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water is generally recommended for delicate gemstones.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – offer a captivating spectrum of color, history, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, these gems represent a diverse and fascinating collection. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these stones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December and the individuals born within it. The expansion of the December birthstone list reflects a growing appreciation for the unique qualities of each gem, offering a wider range of choices for those seeking a personal and symbolic connection to their birth month.