December boasts a unique distinction among the months: not one, but three recognized birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite. While blue topaz is also frequently associated with December, the historical and cultural significance of turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite provides a rich tapestry of lore and geological fascination. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and symbolism of these captivating gemstones, offering a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking the perfect December birthstone jewelry.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest documented history of the three December birthstones, with evidence of its use dating back millennia. Ancient Egyptians, including pharaohs like King Tut, prized turquoise for adornment, even incorporating it into royal burials. Chinese artisans similarly revered the stone, carving intricate masterpieces from it over 3,000 years ago. This enduring appeal speaks to the stone’s inherent beauty and the beliefs surrounding its protective qualities.
Blue zircon, while less widely known today, has a history stretching back centuries. It is often confused with synthetic cubic zirconia due to the similarity in name, but it is a naturally occurring gemstone. Historically, zircon has been found in a variety of colors, but the blue variety is achieved through heat treatment, a practice that enhances its brilliance and desirability.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, officially recognized in 1952. Discovered in Tanzania, its relatively recent introduction to the gem world belies its striking beauty and growing popularity. Its deep blue tones quickly captured the attention of jewelers and gem enthusiasts alike.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, typically forming in arid regions through a process of secondary enrichment of copper-bearing rocks. Notable sources include Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. The presence of a “matrix” – remnants of the host rock – within turquoise is a common characteristic, making each piece uniquely patterned.
Blue zircon forms in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits. While found in various locations globally, specific sources for the heat-treated blue variety are less frequently detailed in available resources. The gem originates in a range of colors, with blue being achieved through controlled heating processes.
Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, is exclusively found in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical origin contributes to its rarity and value. The gemstone’s trichroism – displaying three different colors depending on the viewing angle – is a distinctive feature resulting from its unique chemical composition.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise typically ranges from semi-translucent to opaque, exhibiting shades of blue to green. Its color is influenced by the presence of copper and iron. The stone’s hardness falls between 5 and 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. A locket featuring turquoise will have a stone size of approximately 4 x 5mm, as seen in one example.
Blue zircon possesses a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than turquoise. It displays a vitreous luster and can be found in varying shades of blue, depending on the intensity of the heat treatment.
Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, is also relatively durable. Its pleochroism – displaying violet, blue, and burgundy hues – is a key identifying characteristic. The stone exhibits a vitreous luster and is often faceted to maximize its brilliance.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Hydrated Phosphate of Copper and Aluminum | 5-6 | Semi-translucent to Opaque | Blue to Green |
| Blue Zircon | Zirconium Silicate | 6.5-7.5 | Transparent | Blue |
| Tanzanite | Calcium Aluminum Silicate | 6-7 | Transparent | Violet, Blue, Burgundy |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, turquoise has been associated with protection, luck, and healing. It was believed to ward off negative energy and promote well-being. The lotus flower, often paired with turquoise in jewelry, symbolizes new beginnings and infinite potential.
While specific metaphysical properties of blue zircon are less detailed in the provided sources, the gem is generally associated with wisdom and honesty.
Tanzanite is often linked to transformation, intuition, and spiritual awareness. Its vibrant color is said to radiate positivity and truth.
Jewelry and Care
All three December birthstones are popular choices for jewelry, including necklaces, bracelets, rings, and earrings. Turquoise is often set in silver to complement its color, while blue zircon and tanzanite are frequently paired with diamonds or set in white gold or platinum to enhance their brilliance.
Due to its relative softness, turquoise requires gentle care. It should be protected from impacts and harsh chemicals. Cleaning should be done with a soft cloth and mild soap.
Blue zircon and tanzanite are more durable but still require careful handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals. Cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended.
Jewelry crafted with gold vermeil, featuring a thick layer of gold over sterling silver, requires similar care to avoid damaging the plating. Removing jewelry before showering, swimming, or exercising, and avoiding contact with perfumes and lotions, will help preserve its luster. Storing pieces individually in a soft pouch is also advisable.
December Birthstone Lockets
Lockets provide a particularly meaningful way to showcase a December birthstone. A turquoise locket, engraved with lotus flowers, offers a personal keepsake and celebrates both the birth month and the symbolism of new beginnings. The pendant size of such a locket might be 16 x 13mm, with the stone itself measuring 4 x 5mm. These lockets are often crafted from 18kt gold plate over brass and come with a one-year warranty.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient reverence for turquoise to the modern allure of tanzanite and the often-overlooked beauty of blue zircon, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their historical significance, or their perceived metaphysical properties, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire.