December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these gemstones presents a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries a rich history and symbolic meaning. From ancient traditions to modern discoveries, these gems offer December-born individuals a diverse selection to express their individuality and connect with the enduring allure of colored stones. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of each of these captivating December birthstones.
A History Intertwined with Tradition and Discovery
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, particularly when set in rings, pendants, or other jewelry. While zircon and turquoise have long been considered traditional December birthstones, blue topaz and tanzanite represent more recent additions to the list, reflecting evolving tastes and geological discoveries. Turquoise, in particular, holds a particularly long and storied past, with evidence of its use dating back thousands of years. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the French phrase ‘pierre tourques,’ meaning “Turkish stone,” as it was brought to Europe by Turkish traders. Ancient Egyptians also prized turquoise, incorporating it into jewelry and ornamentation.
The Allure of Blue Zircon
Zircon, often mistaken for diamonds due to its brilliance, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant geological and historical value. While it comes in a variety of colors – including golden, red, and clear – the blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone. Zircon is celebrated for its exceptional “fire,” the dispersion of light that creates flashes of color, and its clarity. It has long been considered a main birthstone for December, alongside turquoise, representing the chill of winter with its cool blue hues.
The Tranquility of Blue Topaz
Blue topaz, known for its serene and calming colors, is a popular modern choice for December birthstones. Though not always listed among the traditional three, its icy blue clarity and soothing energy have made it a beloved gem. Topaz, in general, is a widely available and relatively affordable gemstone, making blue topaz a popular option for everyday wear.
Tanzanite: A Recent and Rare Discovery
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, first discovered in Tanzania in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro. Its unique blue to violet color and rarity have quickly established it as a highly prized gemstone. Notably, tanzanite is only found in this one small area of Tanzania, contributing to its exclusivity and value. Its captivating color often evokes comparisons to sapphire, offering an elegant and luxurious aesthetic.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Wisdom
Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hues, embodies tranquility and positive energy. Revered for centuries across various cultures, it is often considered a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Its vibrant color mirrors wintry landscapes, adding a touch of warmth and optimism. The stone is associated with wisdom and is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Look
Each of the December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and durability.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Key Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5 - 7.5 | Blue, Golden, Red | High brilliance, strong dispersion (fire) |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | 8 | Blue | Excellent clarity, affordability |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6.5 - 7 | Blue-Violet | Pleochroism (displays different colors from angles), rarity |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5 - 6 | Blue-Green | Opaque, porous, requires careful handling |
Mohs hardness is a scale of mineral hardness based on scratch resistance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, for example, has long been associated with protection, wisdom, and good fortune. Lapis Lazuli, another traditional December birthstone, is linked to wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Blue zircon is thought to promote clarity of thought and emotional stability, while blue topaz is associated with communication and self-expression. Tanzanite, being a relatively recent discovery, has developed associations with transformation and spiritual growth. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal and personal significance of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Blue topaz and zircon are relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. However, tanzanite is more susceptible to damage from heat and chemicals, requiring gentle cleaning with mild soap and lukewarm water. Turquoise, being a porous stone, requires special care. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to sunlight or moisture. It is best to clean turquoise with a soft, damp cloth. Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that these beautiful gemstones continue to sparkle for years to come.
Choosing the Right December Birthstone
December offers a remarkable range of birthstone options, each with its unique appeal. The choice ultimately depends on personal preference, budget, and desired symbolism. For those seeking a classic and affordable option, blue topaz is an excellent choice. Blue zircon offers exceptional brilliance and a rich history. Tanzanite provides a rare and luxurious alternative, while turquoise embodies a timeless connection to ancient traditions and natural beauty.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a captivating palette of blue hues, each imbued with its own unique history, symbolism, and gemological properties. From ancient beliefs in their protective powers to modern appreciation for their aesthetic beauty, these gemstones continue to hold a special place in the hearts of those born in December. Whether chosen for their personal meaning, their stunning appearance, or their enduring legacy, these birthstones offer a lasting connection to the magic and wonder of the gemstone world.