For those born in August, the distinction of having a birthstone is not limited to a single gem. Traditionally, peridot has held the place of honor as the August birthstone, but sardonyx and spinel have also been recognized as gems representing this summer month. These three stones, while distinct in their geological origins and physical properties, share a rich history and enduring symbolism. This article will explore the characteristics, history, and significance of peridot, sardonyx, and spinel, the birthstones of August.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with early connections to the twelve stones in the breastplate of the High Priest representing the twelve tribes of Israel. However, the modern birthstone chart has evolved significantly since then. The National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) established the first standardized list in the United States, and subsequent revisions have added stones and provided alternatives. The inclusion of alexandrite, citrine, and pink tourmaline in earlier updates demonstrates the dynamic nature of birthstone designations. More recently, spinel was added as an additional birthstone for August, expanding the options available to those celebrating birthdays in this month.
Historically, peridot and sardonyx have been particularly significant. Peridot, known as “the gem of the sun” in ancient Egypt, was believed to offer protection against nightmares. Sardonyx, with its banded layers, also boasts a long history of use and symbolism. The origins of birthstone associations are varied, with some linking them to astrological signs and others to religious or cultural traditions.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the August birthstones originates through unique geological processes and is found in specific locations around the world. Peridot is formed in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It has even been discovered within fallen meteorites, adding to its mystique. While sources are varied, peridot is found in countries like Egypt, Brazil, and the United States.
Sardonyx, a variety of onyx, is characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding. It is sourced from India, Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany. The banding is a result of the layering of different forms of silica during its formation.
Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstones, is found in a variety of colors, including purple, pink, and blue. Specific source locations for spinel were not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Peridot, with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4, is a semi-precious stone composed primarily of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The amount of iron present influences its distinctive color and luster. It is often described as yellowish-green to olive-green, with the most sought-after stones exhibiting a lime-green hue. Peridot’s refractive index ranges from 1.65 to 1.69, its specific gravity is 3.34, and it registers between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. It is sometimes referred to as the "evening emerald" due to its ability to sparkle in both natural and artificial light, though it possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it from true emeralds.
Sardonyx is a form of onyx, known for its reddish-brown color and white banding. It has a more stone-like appearance compared to the crystal-like appearance of peridot.
Spinel’s properties were not detailed in the provided sources beyond its availability in shades of purple, pink, and blue.
The following table summarizes the gemological properties of peridot:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Yellowish Green |
| Refractive Index | 1.65 - 1.69 |
| Birefringence | 0.035 - 0.038 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 - 7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Peridot, as “the gem of the sun,” was believed to provide protection and good fortune. While the provided sources do not elaborate on specific metaphysical beliefs associated with sardonyx or spinel, the general tradition of birthstones suggests that each gem is thought to bestow certain qualities or benefits upon its wearer. The act of choosing a birthstone can be seen as a way to connect with personal symbolism and embrace positive energies.
Care and Cleaning
The durability of a gemstone influences the best practices for its care and cleaning. Peridot, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can potentially harm the stone. Specific care instructions for sardonyx and spinel were not provided in the sources.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, sardonyx, and spinel – represent a diverse range of colors, origins, and histories. While peridot has long been the traditional choice, the addition of sardonyx and spinel provides a wider spectrum of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gemstone. Each stone carries its own unique symbolism and allure, making the selection of an August birthstone a personal and significant experience. These gems continue to captivate with their beauty and enduring legacy, connecting us to both the natural world and the rich tapestry of human history.